Table 2.

Effect of stellate ganglia stimulation on LV twist mechanics

	Baseline	LSG Stimulation	RSG Stimulation	BSG Stimulation
Apical rotation, °
Epicardial	5.0 ± 0.9	8.7 ± 1.5*	8.2 ± 1.2*	8.7 ± 1.4*
Endocardial	6.8 ± 1.2†	9.6 ± 1.8*	9.1 ± 1.4*	10.2 ± 1.3*
Apical TTP
Epicardial	466 ± 51	474 ± 62	432 ± 58	437 ± 26
Endocardial	477 ± 47	480 ± 58	441 ± 56	444 ± 24
Basal rotation, °
Epicardial	2.9 ± 0.7	4.5 ± 0.8*	4.3 ± 0.8*	4.2 ± 1.1*
Endocardial	3.2 ± 0.5	4.6 ± 0.7*	4.5 ± 0.9*	4.4 ± 1.0*
Basal TTP
Epicardial	438 ± 40	451 ± 63	406 ± 39	417 ± 24
Endocardial	443 ± 36	462 ± 53	424 ± 33	423 ± 36
LV twist, °
Epicardial	7.9 ± 0.6	13.2 ± 1.2*	12.5 ± 1.1*	13.3 ± 1.5*
Endocardial	10.0 ± 0.8†	14.2 ± 1.3*	13.6 ± 1.4*	14.5 ± 1.3*
Apical untwisting rate, °/s
Epicardial	36.8 ± 4.3	69.6 ± 5.3*	72.7 ± 6.5*	75.5 ± 5.5*
Endocardial	41.8 ± 3.9†	73.1 ± 5.5*	79.2 ± 6.3*	80.5 ± 6.2*
Basal untwisting rate, °/s
Epicardial	29.1 ± 3.2	40.3 ± 4.1*	48.4 ± 3.5*	46.4 ± 7.2*
Endocardial	29.2 ± 4.3	43.2 ± 5.2*	52.3 ± 4.2*	49.5 ± 7.5*

Values are means ± SD. TTP, time to peak rotation normalized by R-R interval.

^*P < 0.05 vs. baseline;

^†P < 0.05, epicardial vs. endocardial.