Table 2.
Alterations during transition phase in CO-GHD patients.
| Author | N (age, years) | Body composition | IGF-I | BMD | Muscle | QoL | Serum lipids | Carbohydrate metabolism | Other parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Johannsson et al. (1999) | 56 (16–20) | ↓ LBM and ↑ BF both in severe GH deficiency patients and in those having sufficient endogenous GH secretion (more marked than in controls), ↑ of truncal fat in GHD subjects | ↓IGF1 after 2 year off-therapy in subjects with severe GHD | NA | NA | NA | ↓ HDL-c and ↓ TG in GHD group | ↓ Serum insulin both in severe GH deficiency patients and in those having sufficient endogenous GH secretion | No changes in FT4 and FT3 concentrations ↓ SBP in patients having sufficient GH secretion |
| Nørrelund et al. (2000) | 18 (20 ± 1) | ↑ TBF in placebo group; ↑ FFM when GH therapy is restarted in placebo group | NA | NA | NA | NA | ↓ Rates of lipid oxidation in placebo group | ↑ IS in placebo group; ↓ IS when GH therapy is restarted | |
| Vahl et al. (2000) | 19 (20.2 ± 0.65) | TBF and WC ↑ in placebo group | ↓ In placebo group | NA | No significant changes | Placebo group have lower total score | ↑ HDL-c in the GH group | ↓ Fasting glucose in the placebo group | ↓ Of FT3 in placebo group |
| Lanes et al. (2001) | 19 (Ut: 14.2 ± 2.8; T: 14.4 ± 2.6) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | LDL-C and lipoprotein(a) > in untreated patients compared to controls | NA | No differences in mass and cardiac function between groups |
| Colao et al. (2002) | 20 (17–20) | NA | ↓ in GHD subjects after 6 months off-therapy | NA | NA | NA | ↑ TG, ↑ LDL, ↑ total/HDL cholesterol ratio in GHD patients after stop therapy | No changes | ↓ LVM, ↑ fibrinogen levels,↓ E/A in GHD subjects off-therapy |
| Attanasio et al. (2002) | 127 (CO: 20.9 ± 2.4; AO: 25.2 ± 3) | CO-GHD patients have <BMI, <LBM, <FM than AO-GHD | IGF1 is < in CO-GHD than AO-GHD | CO-GHD show < BMC | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Drake et al. (2003) | 24 (17 ± 1.4) | NA | NA | ↑ BMC and mean lumbar BMD in ongoing GH subjects | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Shalet et al. (2003) | 149 (AD: 19.4 ± 2.7; PD: 19.6 ± 2.8) | NA | A dose-dependent ↑ | Total BMC ↑ in treated groups, predominantly at the lumbar spine | NA | NA | NA | NA | ↑ Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in GH-treated group |
| Underwood et al. (2003) | 64 (23.8 ± 4.2) | ↑ FM in placebo group; ↓ FM in GH-treated group | ↑ In high GH dose treated group-dose | Dose-related ↑ spine BMD | NA | No significant effects among groups | ↓ LDL in high GH dose treated group | NA | No changes in cardiac structure or function |
| Attanasio et al. (2004) | 139 (AD: 19.4 ± 2.7; PD: 19.6 ± 2.8) | ↑ LBM in GH-treated patients, ↓ fat mass | No differences among groups | NA | NA | NA | ↑ Total C and LDL/HDL ratio in non GH-treated patients; ↓ LDL/HDL-C in pediatric dose subjects | NA | |
| Carroll et al. (2004) | 24 (17 ± 0.3) | ↑ LBM in GH-treated patients | ↓ IGF1 in patients off-therapy | NA | NA | NA | No differences between two groups | ↑ Is after GH cessation | |
| Mauras et al. (2005) | 58 (15.8 ± 1.8) | No differences between groups | Less reduction in GH-treated group (no significative) | No differences between groups | No differences between groups | No differences between groups | No differences between groups | No differences between groups | |
| Koltowska-Häggström et al. (2010) | 313 (IGHD: 17.5 ± 1.84; NON-IGHD: 17.1 ± 1.91) | NA | ↑ After 1 year of GH treatment | NA | NA | A longer GH gap is associated with a poorer QoL | A longer duration of GH interruption was associated with a worse lipid profile in non-IGHD patients | NA | |
| Bazarra-Castro et al. (2012) | 75 (<25) | ↑ BMI during GH therapy pause | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
LBM, lean body mass; BF, body fat; TG, triglycerides; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TBF, total body fat; FFM, fat-free mass; IS, insulin sensitivity; WC, waist circumference; LVM, left ventricular mass; E/A, early-to-late mitral flow velocity ratio; BMI, body mass index; LBM, lean body mass; FM, fat mass; BMC, bone mineral content; BMD, bone mineral density; QoL, quality of life; Ut, untreated group; T, treated group; CO, childhood-onset GHD; AO, adult onset GHD; AD, adult dose; PD, pediatric dose; IGHD, idiopathic GHD; NON-IGHD, non-idiopathic GHD.