Table 1.
Subject sleep data
| PET |
fMRI |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Mean ± SD | Range | Mean ± SD | Range | Norms |
| Total sleep time, h | 7.26 ± 0.53 | 6.72–8.25 | 6.97 ± 0.48 | 5.82–7.90 | 7–9 h |
| Owl/lark (MEQ) | 44.7 ± 4.8 | 35–56 | 50.0 ± 5.5 | 42–58 | Morning type: 59–86 Evening type: 16–41 |
| Sleep efficiency, % | 92.1 ± 2.2 | 87.3–95.4 | 88.7 ± 4.0 | 80.6–96.8 | >85 |
| PSQI | 3.70 ± 2.71 | 1–8 | 3.08 ± 1.35 | 0–5 | Test ranges 0–21; >5 indicates poor sleep quality |
| ESS | 6.10 ± 2.56 | 3–12 | 6.58 ± 2.69 | 2–11 | Test ranges 0–24; <10 is healthy |
| SWS, % | 8.2 ± 7.5 | 0–18.4 | 20 | ||
| REM, % | 20.0 ± 7.1 | 4.4–27.3 | 20 | ||
PET, positron emission tomography; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; MEQ, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ESS, Epsworth Sleepiness Scale; SWS, slow-wave sleep; REM, rapid eye movement sleep.