Table 3.
Change in DFL area after forelimb restriction
| Movement | Baseline (% Total DFL) | Short-Term Restriction (% Total DFL; n = 4) | F | P | Long-Term Restriction (% Total DFL; n = 3) | F | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | DFL | 00.0 ± 0.0 | 103.3 ± 13.9 | 0.51 | 0.500 | 102.9 ± 5.6 | 0.58 | 0.482 |
| B | Digit | 49.6 ± 19.4 | 41.7 ± 18.6 | 4.68 | 0.074 | 34.9 ± 20.6 | 11.87 | 0.018* |
| Digit (incl) | 57.4 ± 16.2 | 50.4 ± 16.5 | 6.09 | 0.049* | 41.6 ± 17.8 | 6.32 | 0.054 | |
| Wrist/forearm | 41.0 ± 15.3 | 48.4 ± 16.7 | 5.45 | 0.058 | 57.1 ± 16.7 | 5.23 | 0.071 | |
| Wrist/forearm (incl) | 50.0 ± 19.5 | 57.1 ± 18.9 | 4.00 | 0.092 | 64.7 ± 21.0 | 13.61 | 0.014* | |
| Digit + wrist/forearm | 7.4 ± 4.5 | 7.6 ± 6.9 | 0.05 | 0.834 | 6.3 ± 4.0 | 0.02 | 0.893 | |
| C | Finger | 34.6 ± 13.1 | 32.5 ± 14.9 | 0.61 | 0.466 | 23.9 ± 12.8 | 6.43 | 0.052 |
| Finger (incl) | 40.6 ± 10.1 | 38.6 ± 10.9 | 0.39 | 0.554 | 29.3 ± 11.6 | 2.81 | 0.155 | |
| Thumb | 14.7 ± 7.5 | 8.9 ± 5.2 | 1.37 | 0.286 | 10.8 ± 8.4 | 0.44 | 0.537 | |
| Wrist | 34.3 ± 8.4 | 38.7 ± 9.3 | 0.11 | 0.757 | 49.4 ± 15.5 | 3.68 | 0.113 | |
| Forearm | 7.4 ± 8.0 | 9.7 ± 8.9 | 7.19 | 0.037* | 7.8 ± 3.6 | 0.94 | 0.377 | |
| Forearm (incl) | 8.9 ± 8.5 | 11.4 ± 8.6 | 8.28 | 0.028* | 8.5 ± 4.8 | 0.84 | 0.403 | |
| D | Finger flexion | 13.8 ± 6.8 | 21.0 ± 10.6 | 7.50 | 0.034* | 17.7 ± 14.1 | 1.00 | 0.364 |
| Finger flexion (incl) | 16.8 ± 5.9 | 24.4 ± 9.4 | 7.70 | 0.032* | 19.4 ± 13.3 | 0.23 | 0.655 | |
| Finger extension | 16.1 ± 10.6 | 8.4 ± 4.9 | 5.37 | 0.060 | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 4.68 | 0.083 | |
| Finger extension (incl) | 17.8 ± 11.9 | 9.8 ± 4.7 | 4.81 | 0.071 | 5.2 ± 1.8 | 4.03 | 0.101 | |
| Finger ulnar | 3.7 ± 4.1 | 2.8 ± 2.0 | 0.03 | 0.863 | 1.8 ± 2.2 | 0.40 | 0.555 | |
| Finger radial | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 1.04 | 0.353 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.60 | 0.261 | |
| Thumb flexion | 4.4 ± 4.1 | 3.4 ± 3.0 | 0.74 | 0.422 | 3.9 ± 1.2 | 0.32 | 0.594 | |
| Thumb extension | 8.4 ± 6.2 | 5.0 ± 5.1 | 0.73 | 0.426 | 5.8 ± 9.6 | 0.20 | 0.893 | |
| Thumb radial | 1.6 ± 1.5 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.51 | 0.502 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 0.66 | 0.454 | |
| Thumb ulnar | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.79 | 0.409 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 2.13 | 0.205 | |
| Wrist flexion | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 1.4 ± 1.6 | 0.43 | 0.537 | 3.4 ± 4.1 | 1.72 | 0.247 | |
| Wrist extension | 17.8 ± 10.6 | 15.4 ± 8.6 | 0.71 | 0.432 | 24.0 ± 12.6 | 0.12 | 0.747 | |
| Wrist abduction | 12.2 ± 7.2 | 17.4 ± 7.9 | 7.27 | 0.036* | 16.4 ± 5.6 | 22.71 | 0.005* | |
| Wrist abduction (incl) | 13.1 ± 7.5 | 18.7 ± 7.5 | 5.96 | 0.050* | 17.2 ± 5.8 | 12.49 | 0.017* | |
| Wrist adduction | 2.7 ± 1.7 | 4.5 ± 4.8 | 0.07 | 0.799 | 5.7 ± 7.1 | 0.23 | 0.651 | |
| Forearm supination | 7.0 ± 7.8 | 8.3 ± 6.9 | 2.61 | 0.158 | 7.4 ± 2.8 | 0.40 | 0.555 | |
| Forearm pronation | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 2.1 | 3.63 | 0.105 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 1.27 | 0.310 |
DFL values represent the percentage change in total DFL area between maps 1 and 2, averaged across the group. Thus map 1 values are necessarily 100% for each animal. Values for the other movement categories represent the percent total of the DFL representation averaged across the group. Statistics (F, P) represent the results of repeated measures ANOVAs to determine the changes in areal extent of each of the movement categories in the restriction group compared with the control group (2-tailed tests; significance level, 0.05). Bold and italics, P ≤ 0.10;
P ≤ 0.05. Data represent group means ± SD. Letters (A–D) in the left column refer to hierarchical levels of movement categories referenced in the text.