Table 2.
Results on survival analysis of smoking relapse within 12 months of abstinence.
| Women | Men | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| HR | p | CI (95%) | HR | p | CI (95%) | |
| Unadjusted | ||||||
| Depression (CESD) | 1.05 | .03 | 1.01–1.10 | 1.03 | .15 | 0.99–1.07 |
| Anxiety (STAI) | 1.05 | .03 | 1.01–1.10 | 1.03 | .13 | 0.99–1.08 |
| Anger (STAIX) | 1.12 | .02 | 1.02–1.22 | 1.04 | .18 | 0.98–1.10 |
| Stress (PSS) | 1.09 | .01 | 1.02–1.16 | 1.01 | .72 | 0.95–1.07 |
| Reasons for smoking (RFS) | ||||||
| Stimulation | 1.12 | .17 | 0.95–1.31 | 0.94 | .37 | 0.82–1.08 |
| Pleasure | 0.92 | .41 | 0.75–1.13 | 0.90 | .27 | 0.74–1.09 |
| Handling | 0.94 | .35 | 0.82–1.07 | 1.01 | .87 | 0.89–1.14 |
| Negative affect reduction | 0.86 | .12 | 0.72–1.04 | 1.07 | .26 | 0.95–1.21 |
| Habit | 1.03 | .81 | 0.84–1.26 | 0.99 | .94 | 0.82–1.21 |
| Craving reduction | 1.03 | .71 | 0.88–1.20 | 1.26 | .01 | 1.06–1.49 |
| Adjusteda | ||||||
| Depression (CESD) | 1.07 | .02 | 1.01–1.12 | 1.03 | .32 | 0.98–1.08 |
| Anxiety (STAI) | 1.05 | .04 | 1.003–1.10 | 1.04 | .15 | 0.99–1.10 |
| Anger (STAIX) | 1.12 | .01 | 1.02–1.23 | 1.14 | .39 | 0.84–1.55 |
| Stress (PSS) | 1.07 | .06 | 0.99–1.15 | 0.96 | .41 | 0.88–1.06 |
| Reasons for smoking (RFS) | ||||||
| Stimulation | 1.06 | .51 | 0.89–1.26 | 0.93 | .40 | 0.79–1.10 |
| Pleasure | 0.94 | .71 | 0.70–1.27 | 0.86 | .23 | 0.67–1.10 |
| Handling | 0.85 | .10 | 0.70–1.03 | 0.94 | .45 | 0.80–1.10 |
| Negative affect reduction | 0.90 | .40 | 0.72–1.14 | 1.00 | .97 | 0.84–1.20 |
| Habit | 0.89 | .44 | 0.66–1.20 | 0.89 | .44 | 0.66–1.20 |
| Craving reduction | 1.03 | .75 | 0.85–1.24 | 1.26 | .03 | 1.03–1.54 |
Note.
a
Results indicated are controlled for cigarettes per day, duration, previous quit attempts, longest quit days in the past, motivation to quit, and nicotine dependence; CESD: Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale; STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAXI: Trait Anger Expression Inventory; PSS: Perceived Stress Scale.