Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 20.
Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2011 Sep;106(9):1588–1602. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03482.x

Table 1. Sample Characteristics.

Variable Psychometric Sample (N=607) M ± SD / % (n) Validity Sample (subset, n=252) M ± SD / % (n)
Gender: Male 70.7 (429) 82.1 (207)
Race: African American 59.5 (361) 56.7 (143)
 Caucasian 36.7 (223) 40.5 (102)
 Other 3.8 (23) 2.8 (7)
Ethnicity: Hispanic 6.3 (38) 6.3 (16)
Age (years) 40.12 ± 10.72 41.04 ± 11.24
Education (years) 11.25 ± 2.04 11.22 ± 2.13
Worked for pay - past 30 days 22.6 (137) 23.0 (58)
Currently married or living as married 10.2 (62) 10.7 (27)
Living with children past 30 days 17.1 (104) 16.7 (42)
# prior substance abuse treatments 5.10 ± 5.36 5.75 ± 5.56
Years regular alcohol use 10.89 ± 11.32 10.81 ± 11.66
Days alcohol use - past 30 days 5.93 ± 8.70 4.00 ± 7.37
Years regular drug use 15.37 ± 9.90 15.43 ± 10.57
Days drug use - past 30 days 10.45 ± 10.63 9.03 ± 10.48
Primary Substance of Abuse:Alcohol 18.0 (109) 17.9 (45)
 Cocaine 46.0 (279) 32.9 (83)
 Heroin 23.7 (144) 36.1 (91)
Legally mandated to substance abuse treatment 19.4 (118) 26.6 (67)
History of arrest 88.1 (535) 89.7 (226)
Inpatient psychiatric treatment - lifetime 34.4 (209) 38.9 (98)
Days psychological problems - past 30 days 13.84 ± 12.16 13.10 ± 11.87
# medical hospitalizations - lifetime 3.91 ± 9.14 3.17 ± 6.21
Days physical problems - past 30 days 12.01 ± 12.17 12.37 ± 12.39