Table 1.
Exposure to racial insults by demographic variables, smoking behavior, and attitudinal factors among 2,955 youth, Jujuy, Argentina, 2006–2007
| Total n 2,955 | Racial insults 35.5% | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Sex | |||
| Girls | 1,603 | 28.9 | <0.001 |
| Boys | 1,352 | 43.3 | |
| Age in years | |||
| 13–14 | 1,862 | 33.6 | 0.05 |
| 15–17 | 1,093 | 38.8 | |
| Region | |||
| Mountain | 674 | 33.1 | 0.204 |
| Lowlands | 1,177 | 38.6 | |
| Capital city | 1,104 | 33.7 | |
| Religion | |||
| Catholic | 2,517 | 35.8 | 0.822 |
| Evangelical | 324 | 34.4 | |
| Other | 114 | 33.3 | |
| Low SES | |||
| No | 2,209 | 35.1 | 0.408 |
| Yes | 710 | 36.7 | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Indigenous—Amazonian | 129 | 40.3 | 0.500 |
| Indigenous—Andean | 1,219 | 34.3 | |
| Indigenous—unspecified | 703 | 34.3 | |
| Indigenous—European mix | 606 | 37.6 | |
| European | 213 | 34.7 | |
| Indigenous language in family | |||
| No | 1,895 | 33.8 | 0.040 |
| Yes | 954 | 38.7 | |
| Two-parent household | |||
| No | 958 | 39.2 | 0.002 |
| Yes | 1,991 | 33.8 | |
| Smoking behavior/exposure | |||
| Current smoking | |||
| No | 1,956 | 32.0 | |
| Yes | 978 | 42.7 | <0.001 |
| Ceremonial smoking | |||
| No | 2,441 | 34.5 | 0.007 |
| Yes | 484 | 40.8 | |
| Second hand smoke at home | |||
| No | 766 | 30.8 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 2,157 | 37.2 | |
| Number of friends who smoke | |||
| None | 729 | 30.3 | <0.001 |
| 1–4 | 737 | 33.9 | |
| 5+ | 1,322 | 40.2 | |
| Attitudinal factors | |||
| Positive expectations for the future | |||
| Never/almost never | 195 | 49.0 | <0.001 |
| Sometimes/almost always | 2,075 | 36.2 | |
| Always | 680 | 29.7 | |
| Respect for parents | |||
| Never/almost never | 197 | 38.8 | 0.342 |
| Sometimes/almost always/always | 2,743 | 35.2 | |
| Parental support | |||
| Never/almost never | 300 | 39.3 | 0.245 |
| Sometimes | 648 | 37.4 | |
| Almost always/always | 2,000 | 34.3 | |
| Concern for family | |||
| Never/almost never | 107 | 35.8 | 0.937 |
| Sometimes/almost always/always | 2,837 | 35.5 | |
| Social concern | |||
| Never/almost never | 173 | 35.5 | 0.002 |
| Sometimes/almost always | 1,384 | 39.0 | |
| Always | 1,392 | 32.1 | |
| Identification with conforming role model | |||
| Nothing/almost nothing | 2,038 | 30.7 | 0.002 |
| A little/some/a lot | 867 | 37.6 | |
| Identification with defiant role model | |||
| Nothing | 1,682 | 31.6 | <0.001 |
| Almost nothing/a little | 647 | 41.2 | |
| Some/a lot | 573 | 39.7 | |
| Concern for body image | |||
| Trying to lose or gain weight | 981 | 38.4 | 0.060 |
| Trying to maintain weight | 965 | 35.3 | |
| Does not worry about weight | 953 | 32.9 | |
| Religiosity | |||
| Low | 252 | 36.8 | 0.150 |
| Medium | 1,414 | 36.7 | |
| High | 1,184 | 32.9 | |
| Depressive symptoms | |||
| No | 1,708 | 32.9 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 1,114 | 39.6 | |
| Thrill seeking orientation | |||
| No | 2,439 | 34.8 | 0.187 |
| Yes | 509 | 38.5 |
All comparisons are by chi-squared test