Table 1.

Summary of case reports of esophageal sarcoidosis.

Cases	Sex of patient	Age at onset of symptoms	Involvement and cause	Symptoms	Treatment	Presence of systemic involvement
Kerley [20]	F	Not known	Direct infiltration of lower esophagus	Dysphagia	Not known	Yes
Siegel et al. [21]	F	59	Direct infiltration of pharyngoesophageal junction	Dysphagia and weight loss	Surgical myotomy	Yes
Polachek and Marte [22]	M	65	Direct infiltration of lower esophagus	Weight loss and abdominal pain	Steroid therapy	Yes
Hardy et al. [23]	F	31	Direct infiltration of lower esophagus	Dysphagia, weight loss, and dysphonia	Steroid therapy	Yes
Cook et al. [24]	F	29	Extrinsic compression of mid esophagus	Dysphagia	Steroid therapy	Yes
Wiesner et al. [25]	F	33	Direct infiltration of lower esophagus	Dysphagia	Surgical resection	Yes
Davies [26]	M	49	Direct infiltration of upper esophagus	Dysphagia	Not known	Yes
Panosetti and Lehmann [27]	F	71	Direct infiltration of pharyngoesophageal junction	Dysphagia	Surgical myotomy	No
Dufresne et al. [28]	F	46	Neural invasion of the lower esophagus	Dysphagia	Surgical myotomy	Yes
Aronson et al. [29]	M	82	Neural invasion of lower esophagus	Dysphagia and hoarseness	Steroid therapy	Yes
Nidiry et al. [30]	F	44	Neural invasion of lower esophagus	Dysphagia	Steroid therapy	Yes
Cappell [31]	M	42	Extrinsic compression of middle esophagus	Dysphagia	Not known	Yes
Boruchowicz et al. [32]	F	30	Neural invasion of lower esophagus	Dysphagia	Surgical myotomy	Yes
Geissinger et al. [33]	F	40	Possible neural involvement of lower esophagus	Dysphagia and weight loss	Steroids and proton pump inhibitors	Yes
Lukens et al. [34]	F	48	Direct infiltration of lower esophagus	Dysphagia	Botulinum toxin injection possibly followed by steroid therapy	Yes
Murdock and Jacob [35]	F	54	Direct infiltration of lower esophagus	Anemia and Barrett's esophagus	Proton pump inhibitor therapy	Yes
Wasfi and Margolis [36]	M	45	Neural invasion and extrinsic compression of upper esophagus	Dysphagia	Steroid therapy	Yes
Ohshimo et al. [37]	M	64	Direct infiltration of pharyngoesophageal junction	Dysphagia	Surgical myotomy	Yes
Bredenoord et al. [38]	M	29	Neural invasion of the lower esophagus	Dysphagia and weight loss	Steroid therapy	Yes
Nishikubo et al. [39]	F	73	Direct infiltration of cricopharyngeal muscle	Dysphagia	Surgical myotomy	Yes
Samarasena et al. [40]	M	46	Direct infiltration of mid esophagus causing stricture	Dysphagia	Not known	Yes
Rustagi and Majumder [41]	M	45	Extrinsic compression of mid esophagus	Dysphagia, chest pain, and esophageal rupture	Ivor Lewis's esophagectomy	Yes
Ruiz et al. [42]	M	37	Direct infiltration and neural invasion of lower esophagus	Dysphagia and odynophagia	Laparoscopic Heller's myotomy with fundoplication	Yes