Table 5.
Relationship Between FMD Change and Biochemical Parameters Before and After Treatments With DPP‐4 Inhibitors
| Fixed Effects | P Value | |
|---|---|---|
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 0.67±1.42 | 0.638 |
| Glycated albumin, % | 0.39±0.37 | 0.303 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 0.02±0.02 | 0.457 |
| DPP‐4 activity, pmol/mL per minute | 0.00±0.01 | 0.950 |
| GLP‐1, pmol/L | −0.13±0.08 | 0.113 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | −0.04±0.03 | 0.092 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | −0.07±0.03 | 0.021 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | −0.02±0.07 | 0.737 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 0.00±0.01 | 0.759 |
| MDA‐LDL, U/L | 0.01±0.01 | 0.159 |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 0.34±0.49 | 0.484 |
| 8‐OHdG, ng/mL | −1.02±2.57 | 0.694 |
| ACR, mg/g Cr | 0.00±0.00 | 0.779 |
| Nitrate/nitrite, μmom/L | −0.08±0.14 | 0.592 |
| ADMA, μmom/L | −4.38±4.34 | 0.317 |
FMD indicates flow‐mediated vasodilatation; DPP‐4, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4; GLP‐1, glucagon‐like peptide‐1; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; MDA‐LDL, malondialdehyde‐modified LDL; hsCRP, high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein; 8‐OHdG, 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine; ACR, urinary albumin:creatinine ratio; ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine. For each parameter, a linear mixed‐model analysis was performed, adjusted for sex, age, current smoking, concomitant medications (hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes). Fixed effects are presented as parameter estimates with standard errors.