FIG. 3.

The link between SLS and mental disorders. Several external events (such as sleep deprivation, maternal separation and social isolation in rodents, the establishment of hierarchy in non-human primates, child abuse, and war and divorce in humans) might represent an SLS. The CNS reacts immediately to SLS with specific biochemical and cellular responses, which, most of the time, lead to resilience, for example, adaptation to the SLS. However, in some cases, resilience does not occur, and SLS has a broad range of psychological consequences, ranging from long-lasting psychological disturbances (such as PTSD) to major psychiatric diseases (such as depression, bipolar disorders, and schizophrenia). PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorders.