Table 3.

Pharmacological Nox Inhibition with Apocynin in Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion

Time of admin.a	Route of admin.	Dose [mg/kg]	Ischemic period [min]	Spec.	Geno-type	Time of lesion assessment [h]	Prot.?	Ref.
−1 month period	po	7.5 daily	120	Rb	n/a	24	No	(188)
−3 h	iv	0.4/4.0	120	M	WT	24c	No	(90)
−3 h	iv	40.0	120	M	WT	24c	Yes	(90)
≤−2.5 h	ip	5.0	≥120d	R	Young	24	Yes	(94)
≤−2.5 h	ip	5.0	≥120d	R	Aged	24	No	(94)
−2.5 h	ip	30.0	90	R	N/A	24c	Yes	(105)
−2.5 h	ip	5.0b	120	R	N/A	24	Yes	(188)
−2 h &+5 min	ip	5.0	90	R	N/A	24	Yes	(122)
−1 h	ip	2.5	30	M	WT	24	Yes	(85)
−1 h	ip	5.0	30	M	WT	24	No	(85)
−1 h	ip	2.5	30	M	Nox2y/−	24	No	(85)
−1 h	iv	1.0/5.0	30e	R	N/A	6	No	(38)
−1 h	iv	10.0/20.0	30e	R	N/A	6	Yes	(38)
−0.5 h	ip	50.0	90	R	N/A	24	Yes	(161)
−0.5 h	iv	2.5	120	M	WT	24	Yes	(162)
−0.5 h	iv	3.75/5.0	120	M	WT	24	No	(162)
−5 min	ip	5.0	120	R	N/A	24	Yes	(65)
−5 min	ip	4.0	75	M	WT	24 & 72	Yes	(33)
0	iv	2.5	120	M	WT	24	Yes	(163)
0	iv	2.5	120	M	Nox2y/−	24	No	(163)
0	iv	20.0	30e	R	N/A	6	Yes	(38)
0	iv	0.1mg	60	M	WT	24	No	(96)
+0.5 h	iv	20	30e	R	N/A	6	No	(38)
+1 h	ip	2.5	30	M	WT	24	No	(85)

^aRelative to start of reperfusion (− is before, + is after, and 0 is at the time of reperfusion).

^bFed a liquid diet for 8 weeks.

^cBlood–brain barrier damage/brain edema.

^dClot MCAO model in female rats: tPA at 2 h.

^eDistal transient MCAO.

Admin., administration; iv, intravenous; ip, intraperitoneal; KO, knockout; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; Prot., protection; Spec., species; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator; WT, wild type.