Table 2.

Practical issues involved in clinical implementation of pharmacogenomic testing in healthcare system.

Issue	Challenge
Test performance	Reasonable turnaround time for delivery of test result
Interpretation of result	Not a straightforward normal versus abnormal interpretation Education of clinicians is crucial to proper use
Education of health professionals	Variable time and content devoted to educating future clinicians within health professional schools Overwhelming information for most current practicing clinicians
Cost reimbursement by payers	Almost exclusively based on proof of cost-effectiveness
Acceptance by clinicians	Potential additional workload Potential legal liability Health disparity concern for patient
Acceptance by patients	Privacy and discrimination concern Health disparity concern Ownership of genetic information