Table 3.
Blinding index values computed from 54 studies.
| Study | N | VBI | VBI 95% CI | SBI | SBI 95% CI | Scenario | Study outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assefi et al. 2005 [14] | 75 | −0.17 | −0.49 to 0.15 | 0.3 | 0.10 to 0.49 | Random/unblinded | Negative |
| Kaptchuk et al. 2008 [15] | 148 | 0.12 | −0.07 to 0.31 | −0.52 | −0.69 to −0.35 | Random/opposite | Positive |
| Kennedy et al. 2008 [9] | 45 | 0.18 | −0.13 to 0.49 | −0.38 | −0.70 to −0.05 | Random/opposite | Positive |
| Barlas et al. 2006 [6] | 48 | −0.09 | NA | −0.06 | NA | Random/random | Positive |
| Deng et al. 2008 [16] | 53 | 0.08 | −0.30 to 0.46 | 0.19 | −0.18 to 0.55 | Random/random | Negative |
| Enblom et al. 2008 [7] | 80 | 0.2 | 0.00 to 0.40 | 0.1 | −0.13 to 0.33 | Random/random | Positive |
| Endres et al. 2007 [17] | 403 | −0.16 | −0.35 to 0.03 | −0.04 | −0.24 to 0.16 | Random/random | Positive |
| Haake et al. 2007 [8] | 692 | −0.01 | −0.09 to 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.03 to 0.19 | Random/random | Positive |
| Harris et al. 2009 [18] | 20 | 0.2 | −0.26 to 0.66 | −0.2 | −0.57 to 0.17 | Random/random | Positive |
| Shin et al. 2010 [19] | 42 | −0.05 | −0.35 to 0.18 | 0.05 | −0.23 to 0.33 | Random/random | Negative |
| Zaslawski et al. 1997 [20] | 64 | 0.12 | −0.37 to 0.13 | 0.03 | −0.28 to 0.21 | Random/random | Positive |
| Deng et al. 2007 [21] | 67 | 0 | −0.29 to 0.29 | 0.46 | 0.17 to 0.75 | Random/unblinded | Negative |
| Jubb et al. 2008 [22] | 51 | 0.18 | −0.14 to 0.51 | 0.3 | 0.03 to 0.56 | Random/unblinded | Positive |
| Alecrim-Andrade et al. 2006 [23] | 24 | 0.21 | 0.11 to 0.33 | −0.29 | −0.37 to −0.20 | Unblinded/opposite | Negative |
| Berman et al. 2004 [24] | 283 | 0.73 | 0.63 to 0.82 | −0.48 | −0.61 to −0.35 | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| Brinkhaus et al. 2006 [25] | 205 | 0.44 | 0.30 to 0.57 | −0.24 | −0.42 to −0.05 | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| Enblom et al. 2011 [26] | 190 | 0.72 | 0.60 to 0.83 | −0.6 | −0.74 to −0.46 | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| Fink et al. 2001 [27] | 64 | 1 | NA | −0.75 | −0.98 to −0.52 | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| Goddard et al. 2005 [28] | 49 | 0.58 | 0.26 to 0.91 | −0.76 | −1.01 to −0.50 | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| Goldman et al. 2008 [29] | 118 | 0.42 | 0.24 to 0.60 | −0.62 | −0.77 to −0.47 | Unblinded/opposite | Negative |
| Itoh et al. 2006 [30] | 19 | 0.48 | 0.14 to 0.81 | −0.32 | −0.70 to 0.07 | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| Itoh et al. 2008 [31] | 24 | 0.56 | 0.01 to 1.10 | −0.5 | −1.10 to 0.10 | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| Lee et al. 2008 [32] | 89 | 0.91 | 0.79 to 1.03 | −0.68 | −0.90 to −0.47 | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| Lee et al. 2011 [33] | 35 | 0.23 | −0.06 to 0.51 | −0.56 | −0.80 to −0.31 | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| Park et al. 2002 [34] | 58 | 0.38 | 0.20 to 0.56 | −0.31 | −0.48 to −0.14 | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| Park et al. 2005 [35] | 94 | 0.47 | 0.32 to 0.61 | −0.31 | −0.48 to −0.13 | Unblinded/opposite | Negative |
| Shen et al. 2009 [36] | 12 | 0.63 | 0.24 to 1.01 | −0.5 | −0.99 to −0.01 | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| Sherman et al. 2002 [37] | 52 | 0.65 | 0.34 to 0.96 | −0.52 | −0.80 to −0.24 | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| Smith et al. 2007 [38] | 27 | 1 | NA | −1 | NA | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| So et al. 2009 [39] | 370 | 0.52 | 0.43 to 0.61 | −0.36 | −0.46 to −0.25 | Unblinded/opposite | Negative |
| Streitberger and Kleinhenz 1998 [40] | 60 | 0.8 | 0.65 to 0.95 | −0.57 | −0.77 to −0.36 | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| Streitberger et al. 2004 [41] | 212 | 0.22 | 0.06 to 0.37 | −0.25 | −0.38 to −0.11 | Unblinded/opposite | Negative |
| Tong et al. 2010 [42] | 63 | 1 | NA | −0.81 | −1.06 to −0.56 | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| Tough et al. 2009 [43] | 37 | 0.57 | 0.30 to 0.75 | −0.67 | −0.93 to −0.40 | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| Venzke et al. 2010 [44] | 51 | 0.48 | 0.15 to 0.81 | −0.42 | −0.78 to −0.05 | Unblinded/opposite | Negative |
| White et al. 1996 [45] | 9 | 1 | NA | −0.6 | −1.30 to 0.10 | Unblinded/opposite | Negative |
| White et al. 2000 [46] | 44 | 0.61 | 0.35 to 0.87 | −0.26 | −0.56 to 0.04 | Unblinded/opposite | Negative |
| White et al. 2007 [47] | 37 | 0.77 | 0.55 to 0.98 | −0.29 | −0.61 to 0.03 | Unblinded/opposite | Positive |
| Alecrim-Andrade et al. 2008 [48] | 36 | 0.26 | 0.14 to 0.39 | −0.12 | −0.23 to −0.00 | Unblinded/random | Negative |
| Harris et al. 2005 [49] | 76 | 0.25 | −0.09 to 0.59 | −0.13 | −0.50 to 0.23 | Unblinded/random | Negative |
| Lao et al. 1999 [50] | 39 | 0.47 | 0.17 to 0.78 | 0.05 | −0.21 to 0.31 | Unblinded/random | Positive |
| Linde et al. 2005 [51] | 201 | 0.5 | 0.38 to 0.63 | −0.06 | −0.26 to 0.15 | Unblinded/random | Negative |
| Nabeta and Kawakita 2002 [52] | 34 | 0.41 | 0.01 to 0.81 | −0.18 | −0.61 to 0.26 | Unblinded/random | Positive |
| Shen and Goddard 2007 [53] | 15 | 0.78 | 0.37 to 1.19 | 0 | −0.80 to 0.80 | Unblinded/random | Positive |
| Streitberger et al. 2008 [54] | 20 | 0.55 | 0.29 to 0.81 | −0.15 | 0.46 to 0.16 | Unblinded/random | Positive |
| Takakura and Yajima 2007 [55] | 60 | 0.6 | 0.40 to 0.80 | 0.17 | −0.08 to 0.42 | Unblinded/random | Positive |
| Takakura and Yajima 2008 [56] | 114 | 0.37 | 0.20 to 0.54 | −0.12 | −0.30 to 0.06 | Unblinded/random | Positive |
| Tan et al. 2009 [57] | 20 | 0.25 | 0.04 to 0.46 | 0.1 | −0.12 to 0.32 | Unblinded/random | Positive |
| Tsukayama et al. 2006 BL23 [58] | 20 | 0.4 | −0.00 to 0.80 | 0 | −0.44 to 0.44 | Unblinded/random | Negative |
| Wasan et al. 2010 [59] | 40 | 0.8 | 0.61 to 0.99 | 0 | −0.31 to 0.31 | Unblinded/random | Negative |
| Chae et al. 2011 [60] | 28 | 0.57 | 0.14 to 1.00 | 0.71 | 0.35 to 1.08 | Unblinded/unblinded | Positive |
| Kreiner et al. 2010 [61] | 32 | 0.34 | 0.11 to 0.57 | 0.44 | 0.22 to 0.66 | Unblinded/unblinded | Positive |
| Tsukayama et al. 2006 L14 [58] | 20 | 1 | NA | 0.3 | −0.12 to 0.72 | Unblinded/unblinded | Negative |
| Wayne et al. 2008 [62] | 14 | 0.22 | −0.19 to 0.63 | 0.4 | −0.30 to 1.10 | Unblinded/unblinded | Positive |