TABLE 3.

Coagulation markers, change by exposure (filtered air vs. diesel exhaust)

Change from pre- to postexposure, folda (95% CI)
	FA	DE (200 μg PM2.5/m3)	DE effectb
D-dimer (ng/ml)	1.04 (−1.16, 1.25)	1.12 (−1.08, 1.35)	1.05 (−1.16, 1.27)
VWF (antigen %)	1.02 (−1.08, 1.14)	−1.13 (−1.22, −1.03)c	−1.17 (−1.34, −1.04)d
PAI-1 (IU)	−1.25 (−1.92, 1.25)	−2.19 (−3.22, −1.48)e	−1.70 (−3.35, 1.15)

^aFold change (using log-transformed data) between preexposure and 7 h postexposure initiation (D-dimer and VWF) or between preexposure and 22 h postexposure initiation (PAI-1), paired t-test.

^bFold difference, with positive difference indicating increase in given marker over DE exposure interval relative to change over FA exposure interval (paired t-test).

^cSignificant at p = .007.

^dSignificant at p = .02.

^eSignificant at p = .0007.