Figure 4. Effect of pioglitazone on memory impairment of fructose-drinking insulin resistance rats in MWM test.

Day 0 represents performance on the first trial, and subsequent points indicate average of all daily trials. (A) No differences were found in the escape latency among four groups during the 2-day visible platform test. (B) Changes in escape latency to reach the hidden platform during the 3-day acquisition trials. Data are mean±SEM. The number of rats in groups control, pioglitazone, fructose and pioglitazone+fructose was 10, 9, 8, and 8, respectively. ^* P<0.05, ^** P<0.01 versus control group; ^# P<0.05, ^## P<0.01 versus untreated fructose-drinking group.