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HPAEC were reacted with mtDNA labeled with Alexa-488, FM4-64 (a marker for endosomes) and NucBlue (a marker for nuclei). After 4 hr of incubation, cells were examined for dye localization by confocal microscopy. A. nuclei, B. endosomes, and C. mtDNA were separately detected. Co-localization of mtDNA (Alexa 488) and the endosomal marker (FM4-64) is shown in D. Experiments were repeated at least three times.
