Table 1. Comparison of baseline characteristics among patients with different FRS category.
| Characteristics | low risk (n = 143) | intermediate risk (n = 116) | high risk (n = 180) |
| Age (year) | 56.4±10.7 | 63.9±9.3* | 70.0±8.7* † |
| Male gender (%) | 24.5 | 75.0* | 86.1* |
| Current smoker (%) | 11.2 | 28.4* | 52.8* † |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 49.7 | 52.6 | 66.7† |
| Hypertension (%) | 77.6 | 80.2 | 87.8 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 10.5 | 11.2 | 13.3 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 97.0±12.5 | 98.0±14.0 | 103.8±13.9* † |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 55.6±15.9 | 60.0±16.1 | 66.4±17.6* † |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.4±4.6 | 25.0±3.7 | 25.6±3.8 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.12±0.30 | 4.00±0.47 | 3.97±0.40* |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 122.2±54.1 | 116.5±42.5 | 137.0±71.6† |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 133 (93–188) | 132.5 (90.5–193.5) | 156 (101.5–224.75) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 193.2±48.9 | 196.5±48.1 | 196.8±47.0 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 50.6±16.0 | 49.8±15.3 | 38.9±7.1* † |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 102.6±35.4 | 107.4±36.9 | 114.6±37.5* |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.3±2.2 | 11.6±2.2 | 12.0±2.6 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 24.8±14.9 | 27.3±14.4 | 27.1±14.1 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 8.0±2.3 | 8.0±2.1 | 8.5±2.1 |
| Proteinuria (%) | 66.4 | 67.5 | 66.7 |
| Echocardiographic data | |||
| LA diameter (cm) | 3.7±0.6 | 3.7±0.6 | 3.9±0.6* † |
| LA diameter >4.7 cm (%) | 4.2 | 2.6 | 10.6† |
| LVMI (g/m2) | 129.2±42.2 | 137.2±48.3 | 154.4±47.8* † |
| LVH (%) | 60.8 | 61.2 | 72.8 |
| LVEF (%) | 70.7±9.0 | 66.2±12.2* | 67.7±11.8* |
| LVEF<50% (%) | 2.8 | 8.6 | 7.8 |
| E/A | 0.93±0.31 | 0.86±0.45 | 0.82±0.36* |
Abbreviations: HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LA, left atrial; LV, left ventricular; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; E, peak early transmitral filling wave velocity; A, peak late transmitral filling wave velocity.
The FRS is used to identify individuals categorically as “low” (<10% of 10-year risk), “intermediate” (10–20% risk), or “high” risk (≥20% risk).
*
P<0.05 compared with low risk; † P<0.05 compared with intermediate risk.