Table 1.
Maternal erythrocyte fatty acid concentrations (nmol/mL blood) from third trimester Control, preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) mothers
| Fatty Acid | Control (n=164) |
PE (n=62) |
IUGR (n=23) |
P* |
†Adjusted P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAFA | |||||
| 12:0 | 0.3 (2) | 1.4 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.026 | 0.099 |
| 14:0 | 15 (9) | 17 (8) | 16 (8) | 0.26 | 0.48 |
| 16:0 | 516 (116) | 531 (107) | 447 (128) | 0.010 | 0.016 |
| 17:0 | 6 (5) | 5 (5) | 7 (4) | 0.21 | 0.19 |
| 18:0 | 318 (74) | 294 (70) | 294 (83) | 0.055 | 0.021 |
| 20:0 | 11 (4) | 10 (4) | 11 (4) | 0.65 | 0.11 |
| 22:0 | 22 (14)a | 17 (16)a | 9 (12)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 24:0 | 60 (12) | 61 (17) | 61 (13) | 0.80 | 0.85 |
| MUFA | |||||
| 14:1n-7 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - | - |
| 16:1n-7 | 17 (10) | 20 (9) | 17 (10) | 0.20 | 0.079 |
| 17:1n-7 | 17 (28) | 15 (27) | 15 (27) | 0.81 | 0.69 |
| 18:1n-7 | 5 (10) | 5 (11) | 3 (9) | 0.71 | 0.96 |
| 18:1n-9 | 288 (80) | 283 (65) | 238 (71) | 0.012 | 0.007 |
| 20:1n-9 | 8 (5) | 6 (5) | 6 (4) | 0.025 | 0.007 |
| 22:1n-9 | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.21 | 0.11 |
| 24:1n-9 | 86 (22)a | 80 (20)a,b | 70 (21)b | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| PUFA n-6 | |||||
| 18:2n-6 | 171 (54)a | 130 (51)b | 115 (49)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 18:3n-6 | 1.8 (3) | 1.3 (3) | 2.1 (3) | 0.43 | 0.38 |
| 20:2n-6 | 4 (5)a | 2 (3)b | 2 (3)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 20:3n-6 | 32 (15)a | 23 (14)b | 20 (11)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 20:4n-6 | 225 (89)a | 142 (97)b | 128 (82)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 22:2n-6 | 0.8 (1.8) | 0.7 (1.5) | 0.8 (1.6) | 0.97 | 0.64 |
| 22:4n-6 | 43 (20)a | 26 (20)b | 25 (17)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 22:5n-6 | 10 (6)a | 5 (6)b | 4 (5)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| PUFA n-3 | |||||
| 18:3n-3 | 5 (4) | 3 (3) | 4 (3) | 0.028 | <0.001 |
| 20:3n-3 | 1.1 (2.8) | 0.1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| 20:5n-3 | 16 (10) | 16 (10) | 17 (12) | 0.91 | 0.86 |
| 22:3n-3 | 3.6 (5.1) | 2.6 (4.0) | 1.5 (2.3) | 0.080 | 0.012 |
| 22:5n-3 | 32 (14)a | 19 (14)b | 17 (14)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 22:6n-3 | 65 (30)a | 40 (35)b | 39 (31)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Summary indices | |||||
| % SAFA | 49 (7)a | 54 (9)b | 56 (10)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| % MUFA | 21 (2)a | 23 (2)b | 22 (4)a | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| % PUFA | 30 (7)a | 22 (9)b | 22 (9)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| % UNSAT | 51 (7)a | 46 (9)b | 44 (10)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| UI | 131 (29)a | 102 (35)b | 101 (36)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Av CL | 18.5 (0.3)a | 18.3 (0.3)b | 18.3 (0.3)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| C 20-22 | 26 (6)a | 20 (7)b | 21 (6)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| n-6/n-3 ratio | 4.2 (1.2) | 4.5 (2.0) | 4.5 (2.1) | 0.21 | 0.21 |
| DHA deficiency index |
0.20 (0.11)a | 0.13 (0.16)b | 0.11 (0.11)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| EFA deficiency index |
1.44 (0.39)a | 0.98 (0.42)b | 1.02 (0.41)b | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Values are mean and standard deviation (SD).
*
ANOVA was used to test for differences among groups. Different superscript letters indicate differences between individual groups using post hoc Tukey test. Significance level P<0.005.
†
adjusted for maternal body mass index (BMI), parity, smoking status and gestational age at sampling.