Macrophages from donor one (A) and TMZ-BL cells (B) were traduced with 5 moi of AdNull or AdVpr and 5moi of AdNF-κB luciferase reporter construct and after four hours with media or RU486 (1 uM) for one day. The cells were then treated for one additional day with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) and/or RU486 (1 uM). P values: P= 0.024, P= 0.55, P= 0.056, P= 0.57 (A) and P= 0.012, P= 0.005, P= 0.001, P= 5.86×10−4 (B) respectively. Effect of Vpr on IκBα phosphorylation and degradation in response to TNF-α (10 ng/mL) treatment in macropages (C) and PMA differentiated U937 cells. D. Effect of Vpr on PARP-1 and NF-κB translocation nuclear translocation in response to thirty minutes of TNF-α (10 ng/mL) treatment in PMA differentiated U937 cells. (* P≤ .05, ** P≤ .001, ns: non-significant)