Fig. 5. DNJ stimulates Na⁺ uptake in HK-2 cells.

Cultures of HK-2 cells were incubated at 37 °C for 20 minutes in Na⁺ uptake buffer with or without 50 μM DNJ. Cells were also co-treated with DNJ (50 μM) and phlorizin (PZ, 50 μM) in Na⁺ buffer. Intracellular level of Na⁺ was measured and was normalized to the amount of DNA (N = 5-11). P < 0.001 and P = 0.006 are represented by * and **, respectively.