Example of Element	Possible Measure
Health
Overall
Quality of life	Quality-adjusted life year or health-adjusted life expectancy
Perceived health	Self-reported health status
Physical
Mortality (overall and per cause)	Deaths
Morbidity	Rates of conditions or diseases of interest, unhealthy days
Functional capacity	Level of activities of daily living, exercise
Injuries	Rates of injury
Mental
Cognition	Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (adult), Dementia Rating Scale (adult), Differential Abilities Scale (children)
Morbidity (depression, anxiety, stress)	Self-reported mentally unhealthy days
Perceived well-being	Self-reported mentally healthy days
Suicide	Rates of suicide
Community Well-Being
Built environment
Land use	Number and quality of facilities — schools, libraries, housing
Transportation	Number of sidewalks for walking, bike paths, buses, metro/trains, automobiles
Building quality (indoor air)	Levels of pollutants (eg, radon, tobacco smoke, chemicals)
Food systems	Grocery stores with healthy choices, farmers’ markets
Natural physical environment
Green space	Parks, preserved open spaces, beauty
Social and economic environments
Social support and social networks	Number, type, frequency of contact
Social cohesion	Trust, respect
Education	Number and quality of schools
Resources	Books, computers, play equipment, class size
Achievement	3rd-grade reading level, high school and college graduation rates
Health literacy	Change in level of health literacy
Employment	Employment/unemployment rate
Safe work places	Physical environment and job effort
Stress	Job demand vs control, job effort vs rewards
Income	Wages, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) (food stamps)
Crime and safety	Rates for various crimes
Access to health care and health insurance	Number and type of health care facilities, rate of uninsured
Community Process
Local leadership development	Elected leaders reflect community diversity, number and type of community activists
Skill building	Number and type of peer counselors and community organizers
Civic engagement or participation	Voting rates, volunteering, participation in clubs or other local organizations
Community mobilization	Involvement in civic activities (eg, town hall meetings)