Table 1.

Complications reported in the literature, stratified according to technique

	SPILS unassisted (20 studies)	SPILS assisted (5 studies)	Hybrid (14 studies)
Intra-operative	9/584 (1.54%)	1/409 (0.24%)	1/1,511 (0.07%)
Serosal injury	1	0	1
Haemorrhage	7	0	0
Perforation	1	0	0
Other	0	0	0
Undefined	0	1	0
Post-operative	39/584 (6.68%)	10/409 (2.44%)	47/1,511 (3.11%)
Wound infection	17	1	15
Wound haematoma	2	0	4
Intra-abdominal abscess	5	0	1
Intra-abdominal fluid	3	0	6
Intra-abdominal haemorrhage	2	0	0
Ileus	3	1	0
Other	4	8	11
Undefined	3	0	10
Total complications	48/584 (8.22%)	11/409 (2.69%)	48/1,511 (3.18%)
Conversion	20/584 (3.42%)	7/409 (1.71%)	61/1,511 (4.04%)
To conventional	16	0	16
To open operation	4	7	45
Additional trocar use	25	13	54
Mortality	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)