Figure 1. Ploidy–environment interactions are the rule rather than the exception in yeast and favor haploidy and diploidy equally.

A) The mitotic fitness components lag (time to initiate proliferation), rate (population doubling time) and efficiency (total change in population density) of asexual reproduction were extracted from high density growth curves of 24 S. cerevisiae and 27 S. paradoxus strains cultivated as haploids (n = 4) and diploids (n = 2) in an array of environmental contexts. Performance was log(2) transformed and normalized to that of the universal reference strain S288c, providing relative performance measures. B) The performances of haploids and diploids were compared over all species, strains, mitotic fitness components and environments. Line indicates the 1∶1 correlation. C) The performance of haploids and diploids over all strains and environments. Note that performance is on a log(2) scale. No significant difference between the two ploidy states (FDR, α = 0.05) were found. Error bars represent SEM.