Figure 1. Givinostat induces hyperacetylation of histone 4. 5 × 10⁵ INS-1 cells were cultured for 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h in the presence or absence of IL-1β (150 pg/ml) + IFNγ (5 ng/ml). Givinostat (Giv) was added (125 nM) 1 h prior to cytokine exposure or as a control without cytokine exposure. Cells were lysed and total protein was isolated and subjected to SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis with anti-H4 specific antibody and normalized to β-actin. Data from four independent experiments are presented as fold change compared with controls. Results are shown as means +SEM *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs. Control (ANOVA with Tukey’s correction for multiple comparisons).