. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Soc Hypertens. 2013 Feb 19;7(2):180–190. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2013.01.004

Table 1.

Examples of studies using angiogenic cytokines therapeutically

Growth Factors	Clinical/Experimental	Goals	Outcome
VEGF-121 ⁴³	Experimental	VEGF to preserve vascular structure and renal function after ischemia.	VEGF treatment attenuated renal MV rarefaction and cell death.
VEGF-121 ⁹⁰	Experimental	VEGF therapy to enhance recovery in a model of TMA-induced renal injury.	VEGF therapy increased glomerular and peritubular MV density and decreased ischemia.
VEGF-165 ^{18, 20}	Experimental	Intra-renal administration of VEGF to reverse renal dysfunction and injury in experimental RVD.	VEGF therapy improved RBF, GFR, renal perfusion, and increased renal MV density.
VEGF-165 ³⁵	Experimental	Intra-muscular VEGF therapy to stimulate heart regeneration in cardiac failure.	Low-dose VEGF improved tissue regeneration and cardiac muscle activation.
VEGF-165 ^{38, 39}	Clinical	Intra-coronary VEGF to stimulate cardiac function in coronary artery disease.	Low-dose VEGF improved cardiac muscle perfusion.
VEGF-165 ⁹¹	Clinical	Direct myocardial gene transfer of VEGF.	VEGF therapy reduced angina and unchanged/improved ejection fraction.
HGF ⁶⁰	Experimental	Intra-renal administration of rh- HGF to protect the kidney in chronic RVD	HGF therapy improved renal function, renal MV remodeling and fibrosis.
HGF ⁹²	Experimental	To augment angiogenesis in skeletal muscle ischemia using combined VEGF/HGF	Combined VEGF/HGF increased blood flow and capillary density.
HGF ⁹³	Experimental	HGF therapy to decrease brain injury and improve neurologic recovery after stroke.	HGF promotes neuroprotection, proliferation, and cell survival.
HGF ⁹⁴	Experimental	To study the role of HGF therapy in podocyte homeostasis, injury, and repair in vivo.	HGF treatment reduced podocyte damage and death (apoptosis)
HGF ⁵⁴	Experimental	To study the effects of HGF on progression of renal injury in chronic renal disease.	HGF induced fibrinolytic pathways by increasing expression of MMP-9 and decreasing TIMP-2 and PAI-1.
HGF ⁶³	Clinical	To evaluate intramuscular gene transfer using naked plasmid DNA-coding HGF in critical limb ischemia.	HGF significantly increased ankle-brachial index and decreased ulcer size.
b-FGF ⁹⁵	Experimental	To determine the effects of administration of b- FGF in gastrocnemius muscles.	Intramuscular b-FGF increased vascular density in gastrocnemius muscles.
b-FGF ⁹⁶	Experimental	To study the possible protective effects of b- FGF on CsA induced nephrotoxicity.	b-FGF increased kidney vessels and protects against nephrotoxicity.
b-FGF ⁹⁷	Experimental	To determine effects of b-FGF therapy on myocardial function and blood flow in myocardial ischemia.	Administration of b-FGF improved coronary flow and reduced infarct size.
HIF-1α⁷³	Experimental	To determine feasibility of HIF-1α therapy in diabetic critical limb ischemia.	Intramuscular HIF-1α increased vessel density, perfusion and function, and reduced tissue necrosis
HIF-1α ⁹⁸	Experimental	To determine feasibility of HIF-1α in wound healing.	HIF-1α therapy accelerate wound healing
HIF-1α ⁹⁹	Experimental	To determine effect of intramuscular delivery of active HIF-1α.	HIF-1α delivery improved tissue perfusion and vascular remodeling.
HIF-1α ⁷⁴	Experimental	To determine role of HIF-1α in regulating oxygen homeostasis and VEGF.	Administration of HIF-1α improved angiographic score and blood flow.
PDGF-C ⁸⁷	Experimental	To determine the effects of PDGF infusion or inhibition in glomerulonephritis.	PDGF infusion reduced mesangiolysis and increased glomerular endothelial cell area and proliferation.
PDGF-C ¹⁰⁰	Experimental	To determine the effects of inhibiting PDGF in unilateral ureteral obstruction.	Inhibition of PDGF reduces renal inflammation and fibrosis.