Table 5.
Univariate analyses for continuous outcome variables at baseline and 4 months follow-up
| |
Intervention group |
Control group |
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Baseline |
4 months follow-up |
base |
4 months follow up |
|
|
||
| |
|
Program attenders (n=62) |
ITT1 analysis(N=93) |
|
Program attenders (N=77) |
ITT analysis (N=96) |
Program attenders Intervention vs Control follow-up |
ITT Intervention vs Control follow-up |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) p (1-tailed)2 | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) p (2-tailed) | P (1-tailed) | P (1-tailed) | |||
| Primary Outcomes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Self-efficacy |
6.42 (2.13) |
6.79 (2.09) p=0.028 |
6.64 (2.15) p=0.094 |
6.72 (2.08) |
6.89 (2.07)p=0.423 |
6.99 (2.01) p=.084 |
P=0.323 |
0.099 |
| Diet score |
5.26 (2.05) |
5.67 (2.16) p=0.048 |
5.40 (2.10) p=0.028 |
4.96 (1.81) |
4.79 (2.05)p=0.361 |
4.96 (2.06) p=0.500 |
P=0.011 |
0.091 |
| Physical activity score |
1.57 (.890) |
2.03(.802) p=0.000 |
1.92 (.922) p=0.000 |
1.61 (.984) |
1.77 (.938) p=0.122 |
1.77 (.921) p=0.187 |
P=0.038 |
0.112 |
| Self-rated health |
2.11 (.777) |
2.00 (.753) p=0.073 |
3.07 (.912) p=0.144 |
2.01 (.739) |
2.11 (.741)p=0.163 |
3.17 (.919) p=0.230 |
P=0.207 |
0.201 |
| Health distress |
1.92 (1.34) |
1.59 (1.33) p=0.002 |
1.72 (1.34) p=0.034 |
2.02 (1.28) |
1.64 (1.33)p=0.001 |
1.65 (1.27) p=0.000 |
P=0.414 |
0.295 |
| Secondary outcomes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Work and social adjustment |
16.74 (11.70) |
14.78 (11.53)p=0.004 |
15.02 (11.74) p=0.037 |
15.60 (11.68) |
13.99 (10.58)p=0.044 |
14.17(10.63) p=0.028 |
P=0.345 |
0.127 |
| Anxiety score |
6.50 (4.34) |
5.54 (3.86) p=0.010 |
6.30 (4.16) p=0.259 |
6.59 (3.96) |
5.55 (3.87) p=0.004 |
5.75 (3.67) p=0.000 |
P=0.447 |
0.156 |
| Depression score |
5.59 (4.22) |
5.11 (4.04) p=0.133 |
5.36 (4.31) p=0.144 |
5.84 (3.80) |
5.01 (3.57) p=0.013 |
4.70 (3.42) p=0.000 |
P=0.446 |
0.133 |
| GP visits | 3.41 (2.73) | 2.63 (2.82) p= 0.044 | 3.22 (4.33) p=0.423 | 3.12 (3.94) | 2.42 (3.67) p=0.050 | 2.69 (3.65) p= 0.057 | P=0.367 | 0.193 |
Notes:
1. Intention to treat (ITT) analysis combines follow-up data of the “program attenders” and those that withdrew prior to commencing the intervention program or during the program, that is, considering everyone that was allocated to the intervention program as being part of the trial, whether or not they attended or completed the program.
2. In view of the directionality of the research hypotheses (i.e. the results of the intervention group were expected to be better than for the control group), one-tailed tests were carried out for the intervention group.