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. 2013 Mar 22;4:39. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00039

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Copyright © 2013 Parent, Parent, Egozcue, Rozane, Hernandes, Lapointe, Hébert-Gentile, Naess, Marchand, Lafond, Mattos Jr, Barlow and Natale.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.

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Discriminant analysis of ionomes by species using (A) raw concentrations, (B) ln-transformed concentration values, (C) additive log-ratios, and (D) isometric log-ratio balances. Large semitransparent ellipses that enclose swarms of data points represent regions that include 95% of the theoretical distribution of canonical scores for each species. Smaller plain white ellipses represent confidence regions about means of canonical scores at 95% confidence level. Empty ellipses represent data swarms for wild and domesticated species, respectively. A.d., kiwifruit [Actmidia deliciosa (A Chev) C F Liang et A R Ferguson var deliciosa]; C.s., orange (Citrus sinensis); M.d., apple (Malus domestica Borkh.); M.i., mango (Mangifera indica); P.g., guava (Psidium guajava); R.c., cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.); V.a., lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.); V.m., cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.).