Figure 1. From bioelectrodes to a biocompatible biofuel cell, implanted in the abdominal cavity of a rat.

(A) Image of the components forming the biofuel cell: bioelectrode, perforated silicone tube, and bioelectrode wrapped in a dialysis membrane. (B) Image of our GBFC setup including both, bioanode and biocathode inserted in a silicone cylinder and sealed with silicone. (C) Photograph of the GBFC sutured in a Dacron® bag before implantation. (D) Electrical connection of the implanted GBFC in a Wistar rat; the output wires are fixed to the rat's skull. (E) Schematic description of the enzyme reactions producing electricity, their electrical connection and the GBFC location inside the rat.