FIGURE 7.

DPP activates Smad pathway-related gene expression. C3H10T1/2 and HMSCs were stimulated with rDPP (500 ng/ml) or KN-62 (10 μm) or BAPTA-AM (50 μm) for 4 and 24 h, respectively. Total RNA was extracted, and expression levels of NFATc1 and SHN2 were estimated based on real time PCR. Upon stimulation with DPP, expression levels of these genes increased from 4 to 24 h. Lower expression levels were observed with KN-62 and BAPTA-AM pretreatment. Experiments were performed in triplicate. * and #, p < 0.05. C, control.