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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 22.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2011 Nov 16;42(7):1535–1545. doi: 10.1017/S0033291711002443

Table 2.

Distribution of Offspring-Specific and Familial Covariates

Variable N Percentage
Offspring-Specific Covariatesa
Female 2988 49.3
Birth Order
     One 2691 44.4
     Two 1978 32.6
     Three 931 15.4
     Four plus 466 7.7
Maternal Teenage Childbearing
     Noc 3514 57.9
     Yes 2461 40.6
     Missing 91 1.5
Maternal Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy
     Lowc 5540 91.3
     High 516 8.51
     Missing 10 0.2
Maternal/Familial Covariatesb
Mother Adolescent ASB
     Lowc 2327 86.4
     High 248 9.6
     Missing 119 4.4
Maternal Intellectual Abilities
     Highc 2077 77.1
     Low 522 19.4
     Missing 95 3.5
Maternal Educational Attainment
     Highc 2614 97.0
     Low 80 3.0
Maternal Income
     Highc 2247 90.1
     Low 247 9.9
History of Binge Drinking
     Noc 2253 83.6
     Yes 441 16.4
History of Alcohol Abuse/Dependence
     Noc 2213 82.2
     Yes 436 16.2
     Missing 45 1.7
Maternal Adolescent Substance Use
     Noc 2076 77.1
     Yes 578 21.5
     Missing 40 1.5
Family Race/Ethnicity
     Caucasianc 1335 49.6
     African American 832 30.9
     Hispanic 527 19.6

Note.

a

Based on 6,066 offspring.

b

Based on 2,694 unique mothers.

c

Used as the reference group in the analyses. Missing presents offspring or families with missing values for the variable.