TABLE 2.
Characteristics of Elder Mistreatment among Rural Older Adults
| EM N=60 |
No EM N=75 |
Z-Stat 2- sided |
Chi- Squared |
T-test | DF | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics | |||||||
| Age | |||||||
| Age, mean, (SD) | 69.6 (6.9) | 67.5 (5.8) | −2.00 | 133 | 0.048 | ||
| Age Groups, number, (%) | |||||||
| 60-64 | 16 (26.7) | 28 (37.3) | |||||
| 65-69 | 15 (25.0) | 21 (28.0) | |||||
| 70-74 | 15 (25.0) | 17 (22.7) | |||||
| 75-79 | 5 (8.3) | 7 (9.3) | |||||
| 80 > | 9 (15.0) | 2 (2.7) | −2.23 | 0.026 | |||
| Sex | |||||||
| Men, number, (%) | 29 (48.3) | 40 (53.3) | |||||
| Women, number, (%) | 31 (51.7) | 35 (46.7) | 0.33 | 1 | 0.564 | ||
| Education | |||||||
| Education, years, mean, (SD) | 3.1 (3.7) | 5.1 (4.4) | 2.84 | 130 | 0.005 | ||
| Education Groups, years, mean, (SD) | |||||||
| 0 | 28 (48.3) | 22 (29.7) | |||||
| 1-6 | 23 (39.7) | 28 (37.8) | |||||
| 7-12 | 6 (10.3) | 23 (31.1) | |||||
| >12 | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.4) | 2.67 | 0.008 | |||
| Income | |||||||
| Income, RMB, mean, (SD) | 509 (945) | 536(544) | 0.19 | 90 | 0.852 | ||
| Income Category, number, (%) | |||||||
| 0-250 | 23 (38.3) | 27 (37.5) | |||||
| 251-500 | 23 (38.3) | 22 (30.6) | |||||
| 501-1000 | 11 (18.3) | 14 (19.4) | |||||
| >1000 | 3 (5.0) | 9 (12.5) | 1.23 | 0.218 | |||
| Marital Status: Married, number, (%) | 36 (64.3) | 56 (78.9) | 3.34 | 1 | 0.068 | ||
| Family Structure | |||||||
| Number of children, mean, (SD) | 3.5 (1.7) | 2.9 (1.7) | -2.08 | 133 | 0.039 | ||
| Number persons living together, mean, (SD) | 3.0 (1.9) | 3.2 (1.9) | 0.38 | 131 | 0.703 | ||
| Medical Conditions | |||||||
| Medical Conditions, number, (%) | |||||||
| Coronary Artery Disease | 18 (30.0) | 8 (10.7) | 8.01 | 1 | 0.005 | ||
| Hypertension | 19 (31.7) | 19 (25.3) | 0.66 | 1 | 0.416 | ||
| Lung Disease | 18 (30.0) | 17 (22.7) | 0.93 | 1 | 0.334 | ||
| Diabetes | 17 (28.3) | 7 (9.3) | 8.23 | 1 | 0.004 | ||
| Kidney Disease | 4 (6.7) | 11 (14.7) | 2.16 | 1 | 0.142 | ||
| Stroke | 1 (17) | 1 (13) | 0.03 | 1 | 0.873 | ||
| Stomach Disease | 23 (38.3) | 14 (18.7) | 6.48 | 1 | 0.011 | ||
| Osteoarthritis | 13 (22.0) | 13 (17.3) | 0.47 | 1 | 0.495 | ||
| Cancer | 6 (10.0) | 5 (6.7) | 0.49 | 1 | 0.482 | ||
| Liver Disease | 12 (20.0) | 12 (16.0) | 0.36 | 1 | 0.546 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 8 (13.3) | 15 (20.0) | 1.05 | 1 | 0.306 | ||
| Health Status and Quality of Life Measures, number, (%) | |||||||
| Overall Health Status | |||||||
| Excellent | 1 (17) | 2 (2.7) | |||||
| Very good | 9 (15.0) | 12 (16.0) | |||||
| Good | 11 (18.3) | 37 (49.3) | |||||
| Fair | 30 (50.0) | 17 (22.7) | |||||
| Poor | 9 (15.0) | 7 (9.3) | −2.51 | 0.012 | |||
| Quality of Life | |||||||
| Very good | 4 (6.7) | 4 (5.4) | |||||
| Good | 15 (25.0) | 30 (40.5) | |||||
| Fair | 30 (50.0) | 32 (43.2) | |||||
| Poor | 11 (18.3) | 6 (8.1) | |||||
| Very poor | 0 | 2 (2.7) | −1.25 | 0.210 | |||
| Recent Change in Health | |||||||
| Significantly improved | 0 | 0 | |||||
| Improved | 11 (18.3) | 4 (5.4) | |||||
| No change | 20 (33.3) | 46 (62.2) | |||||
| Worse | 26 (43.3) | 20 (27.0) | |||||
| Significantly worse | 3 (5.0) | 4 (5.4) | −0.19 | 0.842 | |||
| Psychosocial Well-being, number, (%) | |||||||
| Depression | |||||||
| Satisfied with Life | |||||||
| Yes | 37 (61.7) | 65 (86.7) | |||||
| No | 23 (38.3) | 10 (13.3) | 11.28 | 1 | <0.001 | ||
| Feeling Bored | |||||||
| Yes | 22 (36.7) | 10 (13.3) | |||||
| No | 38 (63.3) | 65 (86.7) | 10.03 | 1 | 0.002 | ||
| Prefer to Stay Home | |||||||
| Yes | 25 (41.7) | 23 (30.7) | |||||
| No | 35 (58.3) | 52 (69.3) | 1.76 | 1 | 0.185 | ||
| Feeling Worthless | |||||||
| Yes | 17 (28.3) | 9 (12.3) | |||||
| No | 43 (71.7) | 64 (87.7) | 5.36 | 1 | 0.021 | ||
| Feeling Helpless | |||||||
| Yes | 19 (31.7) | 8 (10.7) | |||||
| No | 41 (68.3) | 67 (89.3) | 9.19 | 1 | 0.002 | ||
| Depression | |||||||
| Yes | 21 (35.0) | 8 (10.9) | |||||
| No | 39 (65.0) | 65 (89.1) | 11.16 | 1 | <0.001 | ||
| Loneliness | |||||||
| Lacking Companion | |||||||
| Hardly ever | 22 (36.7) | 41 (54.7) | |||||
| Sometimes | 27 (45.0) | 31 (41.3) | |||||
| Often | 11 (18.3) | 3 (4.0) | -2.82 | 0.005 | |||
| Left Out of Life | |||||||
| Hardly ever | 25 (41.7) | 48 (64.0) | |||||
| Sometimes | 31 (51.7) | 24 (32.0) | |||||
| Often | 4 (6.7) | 3 (4.0) | -2.43 | 0.001 | |||
| Feeling Isolated | |||||||
| Hardly ever | 18 (30.0) | 32 (43.8) | |||||
| Sometimes | 33 (55.0) | 36 (49.3) | |||||
| Often | 9 (15.0) | 5 (6.9) | -1.98 | 0.048 | |||
| Social Support | |||||||
| Someone to Listen to | |||||||
| None, Little | 18 (31.0) | 8 (10.8) | |||||
| Sometimes | 28 (48.3) | 19 (25.7) | |||||
| Most times, All the times | 12 (20.7) | 47 (63.5) | 4.71 | <0.001 | |||
| Someone to Get Advice | |||||||
| None, Little | 17 (28.3) | 9 (12.0) | |||||
| Sometimes | 30 (50.0) | 22 (29.3) | |||||
| Most times, All the times | 13 (21.7) | 44 (58.7) | 4.11 | <0.001 | |||
| Someone to Show Love Affection | |||||||
| None, Little | 12 (20.0) | 7 (9.3) | |||||
| Sometimes | 27 (45.0) | 17 (22.7) | |||||
| Most times, All the times | 21 (35.0) | 51 (68.0) | 3.49 | <0.001 | |||
| Someone to Help with Chores | |||||||
| None, Little | 16 (26.7) | 11 (14.6) | |||||
| Sometimes | 18 (30.0) | 14 (18.7) | |||||
| Most times, All the times | 26 (43.3) | 50 (66.7) | 2.57 | 0.010 | |||
| Someone to Trust Confide | |||||||
| None, Little | 16 (27.1) | 4 (5.3) | |||||
| Sometimes | 22 (37.3) | 11 (14.7) | |||||
| Most times, All the times | 21 (35.6) | 60 (80.0) | 5.15 | <0.001 | |||
| Someone for Emotional Support | |||||||
| None, Little | 14 (23.7) | 5 (7.0) | |||||
| Sometimes | 31 (52.5) | 11 (15.5) | |||||
| Most times, All the times | 14 (23.7) | 55 (77.5) | 5.49 | <0.001 | |||
| Currently Living with Partner | |||||||
| Yes | 34 (61.8) | 43 (71.7) | |||||
| No | 21 (38.2) | 17 (28.3) | 1.26 | 1 | 0.262 | ||