TABLE 3.
Urban and Rural Differences Among Those with Elder Mistreatment
| EM Urban N=84 |
EM Rural N=60 |
Z-Stat | Chi Sq | T-Test | DF | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics | |||||||
| Age | |||||||
| Age, years, mean, (SD) | 68.5 (6.8) | 69.6 (6.8) | −1.02 | 142 | 0.308 | ||
| Age Groups, number, (%) | |||||||
| 60-64 | 30 (35.7) | 16 (26.7) | |||||
| 65-69 | 24 (28.6) | 15 (25.0) | |||||
| 70-74 | 17 (20.2) | 15 (25.0) | |||||
| 75-79 | 3 (3.6) | 5 (8.3) | |||||
| 80 > | 10 (11.9) | 9 (15.0) | −1.45 | 0.149 | |||
| Sex | |||||||
| Men, number, (%) | 56 (66.7) | 29 (48.3) | |||||
| Women, number, (%) | 28 (33.3) | 31 (51.7) | 4.86 | 1 | 0.027 | ||
| Education | |||||||
| Education, years, mean, (SD) | 8.9 (4.9) | 3.1 (3.7) | 7.81 | 139 | <0.001 | ||
| Education Groups, years, mean, (SD) | |||||||
| 0 | 6 (7.2) | 28 (48.3) | |||||
| 1-6 | 23 (27.7) | 23 (39.7) | |||||
| 7-12 | 35 (42.2) | 6 (10.3) | |||||
| >12 | 19 (22.9) | 1 (1.7) | 6.22 | <0.001 | |||
| Income | |||||||
| Income, RMB, mean, (SD) | 1372 (1275) | 509 (945) | 4.44 | 142 | <0.001 | ||
| Income Category, number, (%) | |||||||
| 0-250 | 9 (10.7) | 23 (38.3) | |||||
| 251-500 | 16 (19.1) | 23 (38.3) | |||||
| 501-1000 | 23 (27.4) | 11 (18.3) | |||||
| >1000 | 36 (42.9) | 3 (5.0) | 5.97 | <0.001 | |||
| Marital Status: Married | 66 (82.5) | 36 (64.3) | 5.83 | 1 | 0.016 | ||
| Family Structure | |||||||
| Number of children, mean, (SD) | 2.7 (1.5) | 3.5 (1.7) | −2.95 | 142 | 0.004 | ||
| Number persons living together, mean, (SD) | 2.5 (1.6) | 3.0 (1.9) | −1.86 | 140 | 0.065 | ||
| Medical Conditions and Health Services Use | |||||||
| Medical Conditions, number, (%) | |||||||
| Coronary Artery Disease | 24 (28.6) | 18 (30.0) | 0.03 | 1 | 0.853 | ||
| Hypertension | 46 (54.8) | 19 (31.7) | 7.54 | 1 | 0.006 | ||
| Lung Disease | 18 (21.4) | 18 (30.0) | 1.37 | 1 | 0.242 | ||
| Diabetes | 30 (35.7) | 17 (28.3) | 0.87 | 1 | 0.352 | ||
| Kidney Disease | 7 (8.3) | 4 (6.7) | 0.14 | 1 | 0.711 | ||
| Stroke | 1 (12) | 1 (17) | 0.06 | 1 | 0.809 | ||
| Stomach Disease | 26 (30.9) | 23 (38.3) | 0.85 | 1 | 0.357 | ||
| Osteoarthritis | 16 (19.1) | 13 (22.0) | 0.19 | 1 | 0.662 | ||
| Cancer | 1 (1.2) | 6 (10.0) | 5.87 | 1 | 0.015 | ||
| Liver Disease | 10 (11.9) | 12 (20.0) | 1.77 | 1 | 0.183 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 7 (8.3) | 8 (13.3) | 0.94 | 1 | 0.333 | ||
| Health Status and Quality of Life, number, (%) | |||||||
| Overall Health Status | |||||||
| Excellent | 5 (5.9) | 1 (17) | |||||
| Very good | 28 (33.3) | 9 (15.0) | |||||
| Good | 25 (29.8) | 11 (18.3) | |||||
| Fair | 22 (26.2) | 30 (50.0) | |||||
| Poor | 4 (4.8) | 9 (15.0) | −4.01 | 0.001 | |||
| Quality of Life | |||||||
| Very good | 17 (20.7) | 4 (6.7) | |||||
| Good | 36 (43.9) | 15 (25.0) | |||||
| Fair | 24 (29.3) | 30 (50.0) | |||||
| Poor | 5 (6.1) | 11 (18.3) | |||||
| Very poor | 0 | 0 | −3.97 | 0.001 | |||
| Recent Change in Health | |||||||
| Significantly improved | 1 (12) | 0 | |||||
| Improved | 14 (17.1) | 11 (18.3) | |||||
| No change | 47 (57.3) | 20 (33.3) | |||||
| Worse | 19 (23.2) | 26 (43.3) | |||||
| Significantly worse | 1 (1.2) | 3 (5.0) | −2.19 | 0.028 | |||
| Psychosocial Well-being, numbers, (%) | |||||||
| Depression | |||||||
| Satisfied with Life | |||||||
| Yes | 67 (79.8) | 37 (61.7) | |||||
| No | 17 (20.2) | 23 (38.3) | 5.71 | 1 | 0.017 | ||
| Feeling Bored | |||||||
| Yes | 20 (23.8) | 22 (36.7) | |||||
| No | 64 (76.2) | 38 (63.3) | 2.80 | 1 | 0.094 | ||
| Prefer to Stay Home | |||||||
| Yes | 31 (36.9) | 25 (41.7) | |||||
| No | 53 (63.1) | 35 (58.3) | 0.33 | 1 | 0.563 | ||
| Feeling Worthless | |||||||
| Yes | 17 (20.2) | 17 (28.3) | |||||
| No | 67 (79.8) | 43 (71.7) | 1.27 | 1 | 0.259 | ||
| Feeling Helpless | |||||||
| Yes | 16 (19.1) | 19 (31.7) | |||||
| No | 68 (80.9) | 41 (68.3) | 3.03 | 1 | 0.082 | ||
| Depression | |||||||
| Yes | 15 (17.9) | 21 (35.0) | |||||
| No | 69 (82.1) | 39 (65.0) | 5.49 | 1 | 0.019 | ||
| Loneliness | |||||||
| Lacking Companion | |||||||
| Hardly ever | 46 (54.8) | 22 (36.7) | |||||
| Sometimes | 34 (40.5) | 27 (45.0) | |||||
| Often | 4 (4.8) | 11 (18.3) | -2.82 | 0.005 | |||
| Left Out of Life | |||||||
| Hardly ever | 58 (70.7) | 25 (41.7) | |||||
| Sometimes | 22 (26.8) | 11 (51.7) | |||||
| Often | 2 (2.4) | 4 (6.7) | -3.39 | 0.001 | |||
| Feeling Isolated | |||||||
| Hardly ever | 47 (57.3) | 18 (30.0) | |||||
| Sometimes | 31 (37.8) | 33 (55.0) | |||||
| Often | 4 (4.9) | 9 (15.0) | -3.42 | 0.001 | |||
| Social Support | |||||||
| Someone to Listen to | |||||||
| None, Little | 18 (21.7) | 18 (31.0) | |||||
| Sometimes | 19 (22.9) | 28 (48.3) | |||||
| Most times, All the times | 46 (55.4) | 12 (20.7) | 3.21 | 0.001 | |||
| Someone to Get Advice | |||||||
| None, Little | 20 (23.8) | 17 (28.3) | |||||
| Sometimes | 21 (25.0) | 30 (50.0) | |||||
| Most times, All the times | 43 (51.2) | 13 (21.7) | 2.54 | 0.011 | |||
| Someone to Show Love Affection | |||||||
| None, Little | 11 (13.1) | 12 (20.0) | |||||
| Sometimes | 21 (25.0) | 27 (45.0) | |||||
| Most times, All the times | 52 (61.9) | 21 (35.0) | 2.71 | 0.007 | |||
| Someone to Help with Chores | |||||||
| None, Little | 19 (22.6) | 16 (26.7) | |||||
| Sometimes | 13 (15.5) | 18 (30.0) | |||||
| Most times, All the times | 52 (61.9) | 26 (43.3) | 1.60 | 0.109 | |||
| Someone to Trust Confide | |||||||
| None, Little | 16 (19.3) | 16 (27.1) | |||||
| Sometimes | 20 (24.1) | 22 (37.3) | |||||
| Most times, All the times | 47 (56.6) | 21 (35.6) | 2.12 | 0.034 | |||
| Someone for Emotional Support | |||||||
| None, Little | 15 (18.3) | 14 (23.7) | |||||
| Sometimes | 24 (29.3) | 31 (52.5) | |||||
| Most times, All the times | 43 (52.4) | 14 (23.7) | 2.65 | 0.008 | |||
| Currently Living with Partner | |||||||
| Yes | 65 (83.3) | 34 (61.8) | |||||
| No | 13 (16.7) | 21 (38.2) | 7.85 | 1 | 0.005 | ||