Table 3.
Associations of child psychological problems with confounders
| Ordinal odds for higher child psychological problem score |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inattention-Hyperactivity | Emotional Problems | Conduct Problems | Peer Problems | |||||||||
| Confounder | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P |
| ALSPAC (N=4394) | ||||||||||||
| Maternal Education (non-degree vs degree) |
1.97 | 1.71, 2.27 | <0.001 | 0.86 | 0.75, 1.00 | 0.04 | 1.23 | 1.07, 1.42 | 0.003 | 1.50 | 1.30, 1.73 | <0.001 |
| Paternal Education (non-degree vs degree) |
1.83 | 1.61, 2.06 | <0.001 | 0.95 | 0.84, 1.08 | 0.4 | 1.08 | 0.95, 1.22 | 0.2 | 1.35 | 1.19, 1.53 | <0.001 |
| Income (lowest quarter vs rest) |
1.61 | 1.40, 1.87 | <0.001 | 1.17 | 1.01, 1.36 | 0.03 | 1.55 | 1.34, 1.80 | <0.001 | 1.66 | 1.43, 1.92 | <0.001 |
| Occupation (manual vs nonmanual) |
1.51 | 1.29, 1.77 | <0.001 | 0.95 | 0.81, 1.12 | 0.6 | 1.40 | 1.19, 1.64 | <0.001 | 1.37 | 1.17, 1.61 | <0.001 |
| Maternal anxiety/depression 1 (highest quarter vs rest) |
1.60 | 1.41, 1.81 | <0.001 | 1.73 | 1.52, 1.97 | <0.001 | 1.76 | 1.55, 2.01 | <0.001 | 1.75 | 1.54, 2.00 | <0.001 |
| Paternal anxiety/depression 1 (highest quarter vs rest) |
1.13 | 1.00, 1.28 | 0.05 | 1.14 | 1.01, 1.30 | 0.04 | 1.32 | 1.17, 1.50 | <0.001 | 1.11 | 0.98, 1.26 | 0.1 |
| Maternal prenatal alcohol (≥1 glass/wk vs less) |
1.08 | 0.93, 1.25 | 0.3 | 0.99 | 0.85, 1.15 | 0.9 | 1.25 | 1.08, 1.45 | 0.003 | 1.23 | 1.06, 1.42 | 0.007 |
| Paternal prenatal alcohol (≥1 glass/day vs less) |
0.86 | 0.75, 0.98 | 0.03 | 0.99 | 0.86, 1.14 | 0.9 | 1.12 | 0.98, 1.29 | 0.1 | 0.92 | 0.80, 1.06 | 0.2 |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Attention Problems | Internalizing Problems | Externalizing Problems | Social Problems | |||||||||
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Pelotas 1993 (N=523) | ||||||||||||
| Maternal education (<10 years vs higher) |
1.06 | 0.70, 1.61 | 0.8 | 1.13 | 0.74, 1.72 | 0.6 | 0.80 | 0.55, 1.17 | 0.3 | 0.98 | 0.63, 1.54 | 0.9 |
| Paternal education (≤10 years vs higher) |
1.97 | 1.22, 3.17 | 0.003 | 1.30 | 0.83, 2.02 | 0.3 | 1.05 | 0.67, 1.65 | 0.8 | 1.07 | 0.66, 1.72 | 0.8 |
| Income (lowest quarter vs rest) |
0.95 | 0.66, 1.37 | 0.8 | 1.36 | 0.93, 1.99 | 0.1 | 0.83 | 0.56, 1.22 | 0.3 | 1.03 | 0.68, 1.58 | 0.9 |
| Occupation (proletariat vs bourgeois) |
0.88 | 0.58, 1.32 | 0.5 | 1.05 | 0.69, 1.58 | 0.8 | 0.71 | 0.48, 1.07 | 0.1 | 1.00 | 0.67, 1.48 | 0.99 |
| Maternal psychiatric problems (yes vs no) |
3.31 | 2.21, 4.95 | <0.001 | 5.03 | 3.34, 7.59 | <0.001 | 3.06 | 2.07, 4.50 | <0.001 | 2.26 | 1.51, 3.38 | <0.001 |
1
Maternal and paternal anxiety/depression scores represent combined scores on prenatal and postnatal depression and prenatal anxiety