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. 2013 Jan 29;3(3):546–557. doi: 10.1002/ece3.469

Table 1.

Analysis of variance of the first and second principal components of gill size in lake whitefish from four lakes in Maine, USA, and Québec, Canada

PC 1 Mass standardized PC 2 Mass standardized PC 1 Length standardized PC 2 Length standardized




F DF P-value F DF P-value F DF P-value F DF P-value
Model 3.05 7,31 0.015 4.82 7,31 <0.001 5.21 7,31 <0.001 4.05 7,31 0.003
Lake 5.81 3 0.003 0.81 3 0.494 4.36 3 0.011 1.42 3 0.255
Species 3.79 1 0.061 6.71 1 0.014 23.51 1 <0.001 2.87 1 0.100
Lake×Species 0.05 3 0.986 8.04 3 <0.001 0.44 3 0.724 7.07 3 <0.001

The contribution of lake, species (dwarf, normal), and the interaction between lake and species were examined for both body mass and length standardized principal components of gill size. As outlined in the methods, principal component 1 (PC 1) exhibited positive loadings for all five gill metrics, whereas number of gill filaments was the primary factor influencing component two (PC 2). Significant P-values (P < 0.05) are indicated in bold.