Table 3.
Supported model of demographic and genetic dynamics during the Last Glacial Maximum for the studied cloud forest and montane species in the Neotropics. (cpDNA = chloroplast DNA sequences, mtDNA = mitochondrial DNA sequences, nDNA = nuclear DNA microsatellites)
| Region | Species | Model |
|---|---|---|
| Mexico and upper Central America | ||
| Podocarpus matudae (cpDNA) (Ornelas et al. 2010) | Moist forest | |
| Palicourea padifolia (cpDNA) (Gutiérrez-Rodríguez et al. 2011) | Dry refugia | |
| Begonia heracleifolia (cpDNA) (Twyford et al. 2012) | Moist forest | |
| The Antilles (Puerto Rico) | ||
| Eleutherodactylus portoricensis (mtDNA, nDNA) (Barker et al. 2011) | Dry refugia | |
| E. coqui (mtDNA) (Velo-Antón et al. 2007) | Dry refugia | |
| Brazilian Atlantic forests | ||
| Vertebrates (mtDNA, distribution modeling) (Carnaval and Moritz 2008) | Ambiguous | |
| Hypsiboas spp. (mtDNA, distribution modeling) (Carnaval et al. 2009) | Dry refugia | |