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Proposed bioactivation mechanism of 5-fluoro-indolylidenes. The first step of bioactivation is the epoxidation of the indolylidene moiety to yield an epoxide intermediate, which is defluorinated and converted into the quinone imine. The resulting quinone imine can react with GSH or can be reduced by NADPH or reductases to form 5-hydroxyl-indolylidenes.
