Table 1. Characteristics of sample by complications and multivariable analysis of the odds of any complication.
| Any Complication (vs. None) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Complications |
Any Complications |
Crude Odds Ratio |
95% Confidence Interval |
Adjusted Odds Ratio |
95% Confidence Interval |
|||
| TOTAL: weighted | 3,621,629 | 1,886,630 | ||||||
| weighted % | 65.7% | 34.3% | ||||||
| TOTAL: unweighted | 2,138 | 1,235 | ||||||
| unweight % | 63.4% | 36.6% | ||||||
| Maternal Characteristics | ||||||||
| Poor preconception mental healthb | ||||||||
| No | 94.2% | 91.3% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Yes | 5.8% | 8.7% | 1.56 | 1.14 | 2.13 | 1.40 | 1.02 | 1.92 |
| Age | ||||||||
| 14-19 | 10.6% | 11.3% | 1.03 | 0.78 | 1.35 | 0.79 | 0.57 | 1.10 |
| 20-24 | 25.8% | 27.0% | 1.01 | 0.78 | 1.30 | 0.89 | 0.67 | 1.17 |
| 25-29 | 26.8% | 27.8% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| 30-34 | 24.9% | 21.1% | 0.82 | 0.63 | 1.06 | 0.92 | 0.71 | 1.20 |
| 35+ | 11.8% | 12.7% | 1.04 | 0.76 | 1.43 | 1.14 | 0.83 | 1.56 |
| Race/Ethnicityb | ||||||||
| White (Non-Hispanic)b | 62.8% | 57.2% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Black (Non-Hispanic)c | 12.0% | 17.0% | 1.55 | 1.23 | 1.96 | 1.35 | 1.05 | 1.74 |
| Other (Non-Hispanic) | 6.2% | 5.6% | 1.00 | 0.67 | 1.48 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 1.48 |
| Hispanic | 18.9% | 20.2% | 1.17 | 0.95 | 1.44 | 1.08 | 0.84 | 1.38 |
| Marital statusb | ||||||||
| Married, lives with partnerb | 71.9% | 66.2% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Never marriedb | 23.8% | 28.8% | 1.31 | 1.10 | 1.57 | 1.05 | 0.83 | 1.32 |
| Divorced, separated, widowed | 4.3% | 5.0% | 1.27 | 0.87 | 1.85 | 0.91 | 0.61 | 1.38 |
| Education statusa | ||||||||
| No or some high school | 21.9% | 24.9% | 1.05 | 0.85 | 1.30 | 0.97 | 0.76 | 1.24 |
| High school graduate | 26.9% | 29.0% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Some college | 20.9% | 22.3% | 0.99 | 0.77 | 1.28 | 1.06 | 0.81 | 1.39 |
| College or beyondb | 30.3% | 23.8% | 0.73 | 0.56 | 0.95 | 0.84 | 0.61 | 1.15 |
| Family Characteristics | ||||||||
| Health Insurance Statusc | ||||||||
| Private insurance onlyc | 66.6% | 59.1% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Any publicly funded insurancec | 18.9% | 25.4% | 1.52 | 1.21 | 1.90 | 1.19 | 0.87 | 1.62 |
| Partial insurance | 8.1% | 9.6% | 1.35 | 1.03 | 1.76 | 1.19 | 0.86 | 1.66 |
| No insurance | 6.5% | 5.9% | 1.02 | 0.75 | 1.38 | 0.88 | 0.63 | 1.24 |
| Ratio of family income to poverty thresholdc | ||||||||
| Below 100%c | 17.5% | 25.8% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| 100-199% | 21.8% | 20.0% | 0.63 | 0.50 | 0.79 | 0.65 | 0.51 | 0.82 |
| 200-399% | 28.0% | 26.0% | 0.63 | 0.50 | 0.80 | 0.72 | 0.54 | 0.97 |
| 400%+a | 32.6% | 28.2% | 0.59 | 0.46 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.52 | 1.04 |
| Number of young children (age <5) | ||||||||
| None | 55.4% | 58.1% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| One | 34.1% | 32.7% | 0.92 | 0.75 | 1.11 | 0.90 | 0.74 | 1.11 |
| Two+ | 10.5% | 9.2% | 0.84 | 0.63 | 1.11 | 0.80 | 0.60 | 1.07 |
| Number of school-aged children (age 5-17)a | ||||||||
| Nonea | 67.3% | 62.0% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Onea | 19.7% | 23.2% | 1.28 | 1.03 | 1.59 | 1.18 | 0.93 | 1.50 |
| Two | 8.8% | 10.5% | 1.30 | 1.00 | 1.69 | 1.13 | 0.82 | 1.54 |
| Three+ | 4.2% | 4.2% | 1.09 | 0.73 | 1.63 | 0.92 | 0.59 | 1.45 |
For univariate analysis,
a
P ≤ 0.05;
b
P ≤ 0.01;
c
P ≤ 0.001
Adjusted analysis controls for: preconception mental health, maternal age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, health insurance, income, and number of children in the household
Source: 1996-2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Data are weighted percentages unless otherwise indicated.
Note: Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. The multivariable models included all variables listed in the table.