Table 2. Characteristics of sample by live birth and multivariate analysis of the odds of non-live birth (excluding abortions.
| Non-live birth (vs. Live birth) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Live birth | Non-live birth | Crude Odds Ratio |
95% Confidence Interval |
Adjusted Odds Ratio |
95% Confidence Interval |
|||
| TOTAL: weighted | 3,611,467 | 796,668 | ||||||
| weighted % | 81.9% | 18.1% | ||||||
| TOTAL: unweighted | 2,239 | 432 | ||||||
| unweight % | 83.8% | 16.2% | ||||||
| Maternal Characteristics | ||||||||
| Poor preconception mental healtha | ||||||||
| No | 94.3% | 91.1% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Yes | 5.7% | 8.9% | 1.60 | 1.08 | 2.38 | 1.48 | 0.96 | 2.27 |
| Agec | ||||||||
| 14-19 | 10.2% | 7.7% | 0.91 | 0.59 | 1.38 | 0.67 | 0.35 | 1.26 |
| 20-24b | 26.0% | 18.7% | 0.86 | 0.59 | 1.26 | 0.74 | 0.49 | 1.10 |
| 25-29 | 27.4% | 22.9% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| 30-34 | 23.9% | 24.7% | 1.23 | 0.89 | 1.71 | 1.38 | 0.96 | 1.97 |
| 35+c | 12.5% | 26.0% | 2.49 | 1.72 | 3.61 | 2.74 | 1.82 | 4.11 |
| Race/Ethnicitya | ||||||||
| White (Non-Hispanic) | 60.1% | 63.9% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Black (Non-Hispanic) | 13.5% | 11.5% | 0.80 | 0.57 | 1.11 | 0.73 | 0.49 | 1.08 |
| Other (Non-Hispanic) | 6.3% | 15.0% | 1.45 | 0.85 | 2.47 | 1.42 | 0.81 | 2.50 |
| Hispanica | 20.1% | 9.6% | 0.70 | 0.51 | 0.97 | 0.60 | 0.42 | 0.86 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married, lives with partner | 71.7% | 69.6% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Never married | 24.1% | 23.1% | 0.99 | 0.72 | 1.36 | 1.64 | 1.04 | 2.58 |
| Divorced, separated, widowed | 4.2% | 7.3% | 1.80 | 1.10 | 2.96 | 1.84 | 1.07 | 3.17 |
| Education status | ||||||||
| No or some high school | 23.4% | 21.8% | 0.84 | 0.58 | 1.20 | 0.97 | 0.63 | 1.48 |
| High school graduate | 26.6% | 29.7% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Some college | 21.7% | 21.2% | 0.87 | 0.60 | 1.26 | 0.75 | 0.50 | 1.12 |
| College or beyond | 28.3% | 27.3% | 0.86 | 0.62 | 1.20 | 0.61 | 0.40 | 0.94 |
| Family Characteristics | ||||||||
| Health Insurance Statusc | ||||||||
| Private insurance only | 62.7% | 64.4% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Any publicly funded insurancec | 24.0% | 14.9% | 0.60 | 0.43 | 0.84 | 0.57 | 0.36 | 0.92 |
| Partial insurance | 7.6% | 9.2% | 1.18 | 0.77 | 1.79 | 1.10 | 0.68 | 1.77 |
| No insurancec | 5.7% | 11.6% | 2.00 | 1.31 | 3.04 | 2.20 | 1.46 | 3.32 |
| Ratio of family income to poverty threshold | ||||||||
| Below 100% | 21.5% | 18.4% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| 100-199% | 21.1% | 23.5% | 1.30 | 0.89 | 1.89 | 1.10 | 0.71 | 1.70 |
| 200-399% | 27.2% | 25.9% | 1.11 | 0.78 | 1.58 | 0.87 | 0.55 | 1.39 |
| 400%+ | 30.2% | 32.2% | 1.25 | 0.88 | 1.77 | 0.98 | 0.60 | 1.61 |
| Number of young children (age <5) | ||||||||
| None | 59.5% | 61.5% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| One | 31.6% | 29.1% | 0.89 | 0.68 | 1.17 | 0.98 | 0.73 | 1.33 |
| Two+ | 8.9% | 9.3% | 1.01 | 0.66 | 1.54 | 1.11 | 0.70 | 1.76 |
| Number of school-aged children (age 5-17) | ||||||||
| None | 64.0% | 62.6% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| One | 21.9% | 18.6% | 0.87 | 0.62 | 1.21 | 0.76 | 0.53 | 1.09 |
| Two | 9.7% | 13.8% | 1.45 | 0.96 | 2.17 | 1.22 | 0.77 | 1.92 |
| Three+ | 4.4% | 5.1% | 1.18 | 0.71 | 1.96 | 0.83 | 0.47 | 1.47 |
For univariate analysis,
a
P ≤ 0.05;
b
P ≤ 0.01;
c
P ≤ 0.001
Non-live births include pregnancies which ended in a miscarriage or stillbirth
Adjusted analysis controls for: preconception mental health, maternal age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, health insurance, income and number of children in the household
Source: 1996-2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Data are weighted percentages unless otherwise indicated.
Note: Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. The multivariable models included all variables listed in the table.