Table 3. Characteristics of sample by birth weight and polychotomous multivariable analysis of the odds of low birth weight.
| Low Birth Weight (vs. Normal) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (< 2500 g) |
Normal (2500- 3999 g) |
High (4000+ g) |
Crude Odds Ratio |
95% Confidence Interval |
Adjusted Odds Ratio |
95% Confidence Interval |
|||
| TOTAL: weighted | 207,080 | 2,873,927 | 348,344 | ||||||
| weighted % | 6.0% | 83.8% | 10.2% | ||||||
| TOTAL: unweighted | 140 | 1,759 | 209 | ||||||
| unweight % | 6.6% | 83.4% | 9.9% | ||||||
| Maternal Characteristics | |||||||||
| Poor preconception mental healthc | |||||||||
| No | 87.3% | 94.3% | 98.8% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Yes | 12.7% | 5.7% | 1.2% | 2.39 | 1.27 | 4.49 | 1.99 | 1.00 | 3.98 |
| Ageb | |||||||||
| 14-19a | 9.9% | 10.4% | 3.8% | 1.05 | 0.47 | 2.33 | 0.73 | 0.27 | 1.97 |
| 20-24a | 33.2% | 26.6% | 16.7% | 1.38 | 0.74 | 2.57 | 1.28 | 0.64 | 2.55 |
| 25-29a | 23.6% | 26.1% | 36.6% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| 30-34 | 19.3% | 24.7% | 27.3% | 0.86 | 0.47 | 1.59 | 1.06 | 0.55 | 2.03 |
| 35+ | 14.0% | 12.2% | 15.6% | 1.27 | 0.62 | 2.58 | 1.27 | 0.61 | 2.63 |
| Race/Ethnicityc | |||||||||
| White (Non-Hispanic)c | 51.3% | 59.8% | 73.2% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Black (Non-Hispanic)b | 22.1% | 13.1% | 7.9% | 1.96 | 1.11 | 3.47 | 1.59 | 0.85 | 2.95 |
| Other (Non-Hispanic) | 4.8% | 6.9% | 1.9% | 0.81 | 0.24 | 2.68 | 0.82 | 0.23 | 2.87 |
| Hispanic | 21.9% | 20.1% | 16.9% | 1.27 | 0.75 | 2.14 | 1.02 | 0.60 | 1.74 |
| Marital statusa | |||||||||
| Married, lives with partnera | 61.0% | 71.9% | 80.0% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Never marrieda | 32.7% | 23.8% | 17.4% | 1.62 | 0.98 | 2.68 | 1.16 | 0.58 | 2.34 |
| Divorced, separated, widowed | 6.2% | 4.3% | 2.6% | 1.71 | 0.80 | 3.68 | 1.05 | 0.47 | 2.32 |
| Education status | |||||||||
| No or some high school | 27.8% | 23.0% | 18.3% | 0.93 | 0.53 | 1.63 | 0.93 | 0.48 | 1.83 |
| High school graduate | 34.7% | 26.6% | 24.4% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Some college | 18.1% | 21.8% | 20.3% | 0.64 | 0.32 | 1.28 | 0.69 | 0.34 | 1.40 |
| College or beyonda | 19.4% | 28.6% | 37.1% | 0.52 | 0.29 | 0.94 | 0.76 | 0.40 | 1.43 |
| Any pregnancy complicationc | |||||||||
| No | 26.8% | 61.1% | 59.2% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Yes | 73.2% | 38.9% | 40.8% | 4.29 | 2.60 | 7.10 | 4.07 | 2.45 | 6.76 |
| Family Characteristics | |||||||||
| Health Insurance Statusa | |||||||||
| Private insurance only | 53.0% | 63.5% | 63.6% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Any publicly funded insurance | 26.0% | 23.7% | 23.6% | 1.31 | 0.78 | 2.22 | 0.87 | 0.46 | 1.65 |
| Partial insuranceb | 15.5% | 7.5% | 5.1% | 2.47 | 1.37 | 4.44 | 1.69 | 0.81 | 3.53 |
| No insurance | 5.4% | 5.2% | 7.8% | 1.24 | 0.56 | 2.72 | 0.96 | 0.36 | 2.54 |
| Ratio of family income to poverty threshold | |||||||||
| Below 100% | 25.7% | 21.1% | 21.0% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| 100-199% | 27.5% | 21.0% | 16.0% | 1.07 | 0.61 | 1.88 | 1.29 | 0.73 | 2.31 |
| 200-399% | 24.8% | 27.0% | 30.7% | 0.75 | 0.42 | 1.37 | 1.01 | 0.52 | 1.93 |
| 400%+ | 21.9% | 30.9% | 32.3% | 0.58 | 0.31 | 1.10 | 1.01 | 0.41 | 2.50 |
| Number of young children (age <5) | |||||||||
| Nonea | 66.0% | 61.2% | 51.1% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| Onea | 26.1% | 30.3% | 40.3% | 0.80 | 0.48 | 1.34 | 0.78 | 0.46 | 1.34 |
| Two+ | 7.9% | 8.5% | 8.6% | 0.86 | 0.39 | 1.94 | 0.79 | 0.34 | 1.81 |
| Number of school-aged children (age 5-17) | |||||||||
| None | 57.9% | 65.2% | 57.3% | 1.00 | reference | 1.00 | reference | ||
| One | 22.2% | 21.3% | 26.5% | 1.17 | 0.73 | 1.90 | 1.02 | 0.61 | 1.71 |
| Two | 14.5% | 9.1% | 11.8% | 1.79 | 0.96 | 3.35 | 1.53 | 0.80 | 2.93 |
| Three+ | 5.4% | 4.4% | 4.4% | 1.36 | 0.63 | 2.95 | 1.25 | 0.48 | 3.24 |
For univariate analysis,
a
P ≤ 0.05;
b
P ≤ 0.01;
c
P ≤ 0.001
Adjusted analysis controls for: preconception mental health, maternal age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, health insurance, income, and number of children in the household
Source: 1996-2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Data are weighted percentages unless otherwise indicated.
Note: Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. The multivariable models included all variables listed in the table.