Table 2.
The Association Between Indicators of Disability Burden and Subsequent Depression Over 108 Months*,†
| Disability Burden | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any disability | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | — | — | |||
| Any | 1.65 | 1.34, 2.02 | <0.001 | |||
| Severity | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | — | ||||
| Mild | 1.43 | 1.15, 1.79 | 0.002 | |||
| Severe | 2.07 | 1.56, 2.74 | <0.001 | |||
| Chronicity | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | — | — | |||
| Nonchronic | 1.44 | 1.13, 1.83 | 0.004 | |||
| Chronic | 1.96 | 1.50, 2.55 | <0.001 | |||
| Severity–chronicity | ||||||
| None | 1.0 | — | — | |||
| Nonchronic mild | 1.47 | 1.14, 1.90 | 0.003 | |||
| Nonchronic severe | 1.31 | 0.78, 2.21 | 0.30 | |||
| Chronic mild | 1.43 | 1.02, 2.00 | 0.04 | |||
| Chronic severe | 2.42 | 1.78, 3.30 | <0.001 | |||
*Adjusted for age, sex, race, education, number of chronic conditions, cognitive status score, physical activity score, antidepressant medication use, and depression (CES-D score of ≥20) at the beginning of each 18-month interval.
†Quasi-likelihood under the independence model criterion statistics were 2,553.4; 2,552.4; 2,557.6; and 2,555.7 for the any, severity, chronicity, and severity-chronicity models, respectively, and indicate comparable fit across all models.