Table 5.
Adsorption capacities (AC) and other parameters for the removal of fluoride by metal oxides/hydroxides/oxyhydroxides, mixed metal oxides, metal- impregnated oxides as adsorbents
| Adsorbent | AC (mg/g) | CR (mg/L) | pH | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Magnesia-amended silicon dioxide |
12.6 |
- |
3.0 |
[64] |
| Superparamagnetic sorbent(ZrO2/SiO2/Fe3O4) |
14.7 |
10-105 |
4 |
[65] |
| Calcined meixnerite |
16.0 |
12.4-248 |
6.5 |
[66] |
| Al-Ce hybrid adsorbent |
91.4 |
2-15 |
6.0 |
[67] |
| Aluminium titanate, Bismuth aluminate |
3.01, 7.09 |
2-10 |
7.0 |
[69] |
| Magnesia, Magnesia/chitosan composite |
2.2, 4.4 |
10-23 |
10-10 |
[70] |
| Magnesium Titanate |
0.03 |
2-10 |
3-11 |
[73] |
| Bauxite |
5.16 |
4-26 |
6 |
[74] |
| Mn-Ce oxide adsorbent powdered & granular |
79.5 & 45.5 |
10-100 |
6-8 |
[76] |
| Manganese dioxide with earthenware | 9.02 | 3-6 | 7.15 | [77] |