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a) Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF) on HEp-2 cells of a prototype human serum with autoantibodies directed to rods (blue arrows, ~3-10 μm in length) and rings (red arrows, 2–5 μm diameter) (RR). b) Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) constitutively express multiple cytoplasmic structures/cell primarily represented as rods of various lengths. Fixation 3.5% paraformaldehyde; nuclei counterstained blue with DAPI.
