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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 23.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Res. 2009 Jan;19(1):71–88. doi: 10.1038/cr.2008.302

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Basic modes of signaling cross-talk. A cross-talk exists between pathways A and B when both of the following criteria are met. Functionally, the combinatorial signal from A and B must produce a different response than that triggered by A or B alone. Mechanistically, the A and B pathways must be connected in at least one of the three depicted ways: (a) components of the two pathways physically interact; (b) components of one pathway are enzymatic or transcriptional targets of the other; and (c) one signal modulates or competes for a key modulator or mediator (“M”) of the other. In this scheme, A and B are interchangeable, and the arrows may represent either positive or negative regulations. Note that an altered response can arise from independent (non-cross-talk) inputs (d).