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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 23.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Jan;3(1):37–52. doi: 10.2174/1874467211003010037

Fig. 1. The EGFR signaling pathway is of critical importance to human cancers and of a high complexity.

Fig. 1

The EGFR signaling pathway exerts its biological effects via two major modes of actions, namely, the cytoplasmic/ traditional (a) and the nuclear (b) signaling modes.

a. The cytoplasmic/traditional EGFR pathway is consisted of five major modules: PLC-γ-CaMK/PKC, Ras-Raf-MAPK, PI-3K-Akt-mTOR, JAK2/STAT3 and STAT3. Activation of these signaling modules often leads to tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation, metastasis, chemoresistance, and radio-resistance.

b. Nuclear EGFR has three key functions: (i) gene transactivation, (ii) tyrosine kinase, and (iii) protein-protein interaction.

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