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The process of target protein degeneration by UPS in eukaryotic cells (a) and mechanism of MG132 activate Nrf2/Keap1-ARE signaling pathway (b). Abbreviations: ARE: antioxidant-responsive element; Cys: cysteine; E1: ubiquitin-activating; E2: ubiquitin-conjugating; E3: ubiquitin-ligase; Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; Nrf2: E2-related factor 2; Ub: ubiquitin.
