Table 2.
a&b. Static, 2-stage GEE model predicting index adult’s EQ-5D score at second administration time point:
| a. stage 1 logistic model: odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals predicting EQ-5D score = 1.0 (n=24,188) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variable | Odds ratio | 95% confidence interval |
| Index adult’s characteristics: | ||
| Intercept | 1.806 | - |
| Age | 0.975* | 0.973, 0.977 |
| Female | 0.792* | 0.751, 0.835 |
| White, non-Hispanic | 0.956 | 0.911, 1.004 |
| Married | 1.198* | 1.129, 1.271 |
| Low annual household income (<US$20,000/year) | 0.481* | 0.451, 0.514 |
| Increase in annual household income over US $20,000 threshold† | 1.520* | 1.417, 1.631 |
| Household contains: | ||
| Child <18 years | 1.000 | 0.946, 1.057 |
| Another adult | 0.830* | 0.784, 0.878 |
| Existing chronic conditions (first reported at least 6 months prior to 2nd EQ-5D): | ||
| Self-neoplasms (tumors) | 0.817* | 0.669, 0.998 |
| Self-diseases of the endocrine, metabolic systems and immunity disorders | 0.555* | 0.504, 0.611 |
| Self-mental disorders | 0.265* | 0.237, 0.297 |
| Self-diseases of the nervous/sensory systems | 0.570* | 0.507, 0.641 |
| Self-diseases of the circulatory system | 0.740* | 0.687, 0.798 |
| Self-diseases of the respiratory system | 0.631* | 0.553, 0.720 |
| Self-diseases of the musculoskeletal system | 0.282* | 0.253, 0.316 |
| Other adult-neoplasms (tumors) | 0.843 | 0.699, 1.016 |
| Other adult-diseases of the endocrine, metabolic systems, and immunity disorders | 0.960 | 0.875, 1.054 |
| Other adult-mental disorders | 0.710* | 0.638, 0.790 |
| Other adult-diseases of the nervous/sensory systems | 0.903 | 0.805, 1.013 |
| Other adult-diseases of the circulatory system | 0.998 | 0.924, 1.078 |
| Other adult-diseases of the respiratory system | 0.852* | 0.746, 0.973 |
| Other adult-diseases of the musculoskeletal system | 0.834* | 0.752, 0.925 |
| Child-mental disorders | 0.716* | 0.623, 0.823 |
| Child-diseases of the respiratory system | 0.879* | 0.809, 0.956 |
| Newly-occurring chronic conditions (first reported within 3 months of 2nd EQ-5D) | ||
| Self-neoplasms (tumors) | 0.589* | 0.414, 0.839 |
| Self-diseases of the endocrine, metabolic systems and immunity disorders | 0.663* | 0.510, 0.863 |
| Self-mental disorders | 0.297* | 0.237, 0.373 |
| Self-diseases of the nervous/sensory systems | 0.550* | 0.435, 0.695 |
| Self-diseases of the circulatory system | 0.465* | 0.379, 0.570 |
| Self-diseases of the respiratory system | 0.587* | 0.418, 0.825 |
| Self-diseases of the musculoskeletal system | 0.345* | 0.284, 0.418 |
| Other adult-neoplasms (tumors) | 1.036 | 0.735, 1.460 |
| Other adult-diseases of the endocrine, metabolic systems, and immunity disorders | 0.940 | 0.735, 1.202 |
| Other adult-mental disorders | 0.793* | 0.649, 0.968 |
| Other adult-diseases of the nervous/sensory systems | 0.763* | 0.605, 0.961 |
| Other adult-diseases of the circulatory system | 0.906 | 0.746, 1.101 |
| Other adult-diseases of the respiratory system | 0.948 | 0.703, 1.279 |
| Other adult-diseases of the musculoskeletal system | 0.781* | 0.645, 0.945 |
| Child-mental disorders | 0.644* | 0.484, 0.857 |
| Child-diseases of the respiratory system | 0.857 | 0.727, 1.010 |
| b. Stage 2 linear model: predicting index adult’s EQ-5D score <1.0; coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (n=12,852) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variable | Regression coefficient |
95% confidence interval |
| Index adult’s characteristics: | ||
| Intercept | 0.8308 | 0.8177, 0.8439 |
| Age | −0.0007* | −0.0009, −0.0004 |
| Female | 0.0059* | 0.0007, 0.0111 |
| White, non-Hispanic | 0.0182* | 0.0124, 0.0240 |
| Married | 0.0209* | 0.0145, 0.0274 |
| Low annual household income (<US$20,000/year) | −0.0695* | −0.0785, −0.0605 |
| Increase in annual household income over US$20,000 threshold | 0.0401* | 0.0316, 0.0486 |
| Household contains: | ||
| Child <18 years | −0.0098* | −0.0161, −0.0035 |
| Another adult | −0.0259* | −0.0350, −0.0168 |
| Existing chronic conditions (first reported at least 6 months prior to 2nd EQ-5D): | ||
| Self-neoplasms (tumors) | −0.0208* | −0.0401, −0.0015 |
| Self-diseases of the endocrine, metabolic systems and immunity disorders | −0.0264* | −0.0351, −0.0177 |
| Self-mental disorders | −0.0718* | −0.0819, −0.0617 |
| Self-diseases of the nervous/sensory systems | −0.0466* | −0.0584, −0.0348 |
| Self-diseases of the circulatory system | −0.0129* | −0.0202, −0.0056 |
| Self-diseases of the respiratory system | −0.0415* | −0.0547, −0.0282 |
| Self-diseases of the musculoskeletal system | −0.0578* | −0.0668, −0.0489 |
| Other adult-neoplasms (tumors) | 0.0148* | 0.0004, 0.0292 |
| Other adult-diseases of the endocrine, metabolic systems, and immunity disorders | −0.0081 | −0.0172, 0.0010 |
| Other adult-mental disorders | −0.0129* | −0.0228, −0.0029 |
| Other adult-diseases of the nervous/sensory systems | −0.0040 | −0.0142, 0.0061 |
| Other adult-diseases of the circulatory system | 0.0005 | −0.0066, 0.0076 |
| Other adult-diseases of the respiratory system | 0.0018 | −0.0099, 0.0135 |
| Other adult-diseases of the musculoskeletal system | −0.0115* | −0.0208, −0.0022 |
| Child-mental disorders | −0.0190* | −0.0330, −0.0050 |
| Child-diseases of the respiratory system | 0.0074 | −0.0010, 0.0158 |
| Newly-occurring chronic conditions (first reported within 3 months of 2nd EQ-5D) | ||
| Self-neoplasms (tumors) | −0.0172 | −0.0471, 0.0127 |
| Self-diseases of the endocrine, metabolic systems and immunity disorders | −0.0375* | −0.0654, −0.0097 |
| Self-mental disorders | −0.0501* | −0.0717, −0.0286 |
| Self-diseases of the nervous/sensory systems | −0.0245* | −0.0449, −0.0041 |
| Self-diseases of the circulatory system | −0.0307* | −0.0487, −0.0128 |
| Self-diseases of the respiratory system | −0.0418* | −0.0776, −0.0060 |
| Self-diseases of the musculoskeletal system | −0.0419* | −0.0585, −0.0252 |
| Other adult-neoplasms (tumors) | −0.0060 | −0.0372, 0.0253 |
| Other adult-diseases of the endocrine, metabolic systems, and immunity disorders | 0.0006 | −0.0216, 0.0228 |
| Other adult-mental disorders | −0.0210* | −0.0417, −0.0003 |
| Other adult-diseases of the nervous/sensory systems | 0.0153 | −0.0032, 0.0337 |
| Other adult-diseases of the circulatory system | 0.0002 | −0.0158, 0.0163 |
| Other adult-diseases of the respiratory system | 0.0083 | −0.0157, 0.0322 |
| Other adult-diseases of the musculoskeletal system | −0.0286* | −0.0486, −0.0085 |
| Child-mental disorders | −0.0004 | −0.0331, 0.0322 |
| Child-diseases of the respiratory system | −0.0050 | −0.0251, 0.0152 |
(Likelihood ratio test p<0.0001)
GEE=general estimating equation
*
= statistically significant at p<=0.05
†
Increase in income is a reported change between the two EQ-5D administrations of at least $1,000 over or under the $20,000 threshold (downward=−1, no change=0, upward=1)
(R2 =0.1445)
GEE=general estimating equation
*
= statistically significant at p<=0.05