Figure 2.

The placentas of GDM were characterized by reduced tissue oxygenation. The mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α in placentas of GD18.5 were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (A) and immunohistochemistry (B), respectively. Moreover, immunoreactivity score showed in photomicrographs (C). The mean fold change of HIF-1α was normalized to the endogenous reference gene (GAPDH). Original magnification: ×400. Error bars depict the standard error of the mean. ***P<0.001 compared to the CF control.