Table 2.

Prediction of Risk for Alcohol Dependence (AD) in the Cotwin from the Symptoms and Other Clinical Features of Alcohol Use Disorders in the Twin

Criteria in Twin	Odds ratio and 95%confidence intervals for prediction of AD in cotwin (n = 1,120)
	Standard analyses	Including total criterion counta
Abuse #1—Failing obligations	1.31 † (1.01, 1.69)	0.98 (0.74, 1.30)
Abuse #2—Hazardous use	1.82 # (1.35, 2.45)	1.54 ‡ (1.12, 2.10)
Abuse #3—Legal problems	1.79 # (1.35, 2.37)	1.52 ‡ (1.13, 2.05)
Abuse #4—Use despite social problems	1.54 ‡ (1.16, 2.04)	1.20 (0.89, 1.62)
Dependence #1—Tolerance	1.07 (0.77, 1.47)	1.06 (0.76, 1.46)
Dependence #2—Withdrawal	1.16 (0.89, 1.52)	0.92 (0.68, 1.23)
Dependence #3—Loss of control	0.93 (0.55, 1.56)	0.90 (0.53, 1.53)
Dependence #4—Trying to cut down	1.09 (0.79, 1.52)	1.06 (0.76, 1.48)
Dependence #5—Time spent	1.29 (0.93, 1.78)	1.13 (0.81, 1.57)
Dependence #6—Activities given up	1.55 ‡ (1.18, 2.03)	1.24 (0.93, 1.65)
Dependence #7—Use despite physical problems	1.76 * (1.26, 2.46)	1.42 (1.00, 2.01)
Number of alcohol abuse (AA) or AD criteria	1.17 # (1.10, 1.25)
Treatment	1.39 † (1.04, 1.86)
Number of episodes	0.99 (0.96, 1.02)
Age at onset (symptoms)	0.98 (0.95, 1.00)
Longest duration (years)	1.00 (1.00, 1.01)

Control variables: sex of twin, sex of cotwin, zygosity of twins.

^aAdditional control variable: number of endorsed AA or AD criteria (excluding prediction variable). Significance:

^†p ≤ 0.05,

^‡p ≤ 0.01,

^*p ≤ 0.001,

^#p ≤ 0.0001.