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. 2012 Dec 27;5(2):34–41.

Table 2: Overview of EPR, economic variables and the median of scaled ranks

C. EPR (Y/N)a GDP per capita in EURO 2006b TPE per capita in EURO PPPa 20062, b Pharmaceutical empl. Industry per 100,000c Median of scaled ranks
AT Y 31,067 413 127 0.64
BE Y 30,187 469 281 0.42
DE N 28,184 416 129 0.71
DK N 21,145 246 313 0.84
EL Y 19,123 503 121 0.26
ES Y 22,291 453 92 0.33
FI Y 31,709 327 114 0.64
FR Y 28,601 475 169 0.50
IT1 Y 25,419 443 119 0.23
NL Y 33,031 351 98 0.52
NO Y 41,346 327 99 0.50
PT Y 14,684 391 97 0.33
SE N 29,025 365 173 0.46
SK Y 23,797 330 37 0.54

AT = Austria, BE = Belgium, C. = country, DE = Germany, DK = Denmark, empl. = employment, EPR = External price referencing, EL = Greece, ES = Spain, FI = Finland, FR = France, GDP = Gross Domestic Product, IT = Italy, n.a. = not available, NL = Netherlands, NO = Norway, PE = Pharmaceutical Expenditure, PPPa = Purchasing Power Parities adjusted, PT = Portugal, SE = Sweden, SK = Slovak Republic, TPE = Total Pharmaceutical Expenditure

1 Italy: EPR is only an additional pricing policy complementing negotiations between the manufacturer and the Medicines Agency

2 TPE for the Netherlands and Norway as of 2007