Table 2.
Adjusted associations between food insecurity and physical health status and opportunistic infections (concurrent and lagged models).
| Characteristic | MOS-HIV physical health status
|
New opportunistic infection
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concurrent adjusted b (95% CI) | Lagged (3 months) adjusted b (95% CI) | Concurrent adjusted OR (95% CI) | Lagged (3 months) adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Food insecurity | ||||
| None | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Mild | −1.06 (−2.20; 0.08) | 0.71 (−0.60; 2.01) | 0.83 (0.25; 2.79) | 0.72 (0.23; 2.22) |
| Moderate | −1.98 (−2.88; −1.08)*** | −0.76 (−1.91; 0.40) | 0.69 (0.43; 1.13) | 0.72 (0.34; 1.51) |
| Severe | −3.30 (−4.58; −2.02)*** | −1.58 (−2.77; −0.40)** | 1.78 (0.96; 3.29) | 1.85 (1.01; 3.41)* |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Age | −0.55 (−1.08; −0.02)* | −0.70 (−1.31; −0.10)* | 1.05 (0.88: 1.25) | 1.04 (0.84; 1.27) |
| Female sex | −3.10 (−4.47; −1.74)*** | −2.42 (−3.84; −1.00)** | 1.11 (0.48; 2.58) | 0.95 (0.46; 1.96) |
| Married | −1.43 (−2.70; −0.15)* | −1.23 (−2.47; 0.00)* | 1.00 (0.54; 1.84) | 1.15 (0.66; 2.00) |
| More than a high school education | −0.23 (−1.59; 1.14) | −0.24 (−1.57; 1.08) | 1.05 (0.40; 2.76) | 1.19 (0.54; 2.59) |
| Asset index | 0.25 (−0.10; 0.60) | 0.30 (−0.01; 0.62) | 1.02 (0.86; 1.21) | 1.00 (0.78; 1.28) |
| Unemployed | −0.30 (−1.83; 1.22) | −0.42 (−2.07; 1.23) | 1.22 (0.73; 2.02) | 1.41 (0.68; 2.93) |
| Distance to clinic | 0.06 (−0.75; 0.88) | 0.24 (−0.46; 0.94) | 0.93 (0.64; 1.36) | 0.92 (0.66; 1.27) |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Any lifetime smoking | −1.28 (−2.65; 0.10) | −1.52 (−3.11; 0.07) | 1.13 (0.58; 2.19) | 1.22 (0.56; 2.66) |
| Duration of ART (months) | 0.15 (0.11, 0.19)*** | 0.08 (0.04; 0.12)*** | 0.97 (0.95; 0.99)** | 0.96 (0.93; 0.99)** |
| Heavy drinking (AUDIT-C) | −1.52 (−3.49; 0.45) | −1.15 (−3.01; 0.70) | 0.50 (0.02; 12.72) | 0.23 (0.00; 13.82) |
| Low BMI | −4.52 (−6.74; −2.30)*** | −1.61 (−3.36; 0.15) | 1.29 (0.52; 3.22) | 1.01 (0.38; 2.70) |
| CD4 cell count (per 50 cells/μl increment) | 0.13 (0.02; 0.24)* | −0.01 (−0.14; 0.12) | 1.04 (0.98; 1.11) | 1.05 (0.96; 1.14) |
ART, antiretroviral therapy; AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; CI, confidence interval; MOS-HIV, Medical Outcomes Study-HIV; OR, odds ratio.
*
P < 0.05.
**
P < 0.01.
***
P < 0.001.